9
Bacterial Nanocellulose Hydrogels
Designed as Bioartificial Medical Implants
Dieter Klemm, 1 Hannes Ahrem, 2 Friederike Kramer, 2
Wolfgang Fried, 1 Jens Wippermann, 3 and Raimund W. Kinne 4
1 Polymet Jena e.V., Jena, Germany
2 Jenpolymer Materials Ltd. & Co. KG, Jena, Germany
3 Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie – Universitätsklinik zu Köln, Köln, Germany
4 AG Experimentelle Rheumatologie, Lehrstuhl für Orthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Jena,
Waldkrankenhaus “Rudolf-Elle“ GmbH, Eisenberg, Germany
CONTENTS
Introduction.......................................................................................................... 176

Suitability.of.BNC.as.a.Biomaterial................................................................... 177

Biocompatibility.............................................................................................. 177

Bioactivity. ........................................................................................................ 179

Biodegradation................................................................................................ 180

Porosity............................................................................................................. 181

Mechanical.Properties.................................................................................... 183

Sterilization...................................................................................................... 183

Controlled.Biotechnological.Production.of.BNC. ....................................... 184

Medical.Implants.from.BNC.............................................................................. 186

BNC.as.an.Implant.Material.for.the.Regeneration.of.Chondral.

Defects. .............................................................................................................. 186

BNC.as.a.Vascular.Graft.Material................................................................. 189

Conclusions. .......................................................................................................... 193

References. ............................................................................................................. 193

The. outstanding. structure. and. properties. of. biofabricated. bacterial.
active.medical.implants.in.an.effective.way..In.particular,.the.hierarchical.three-dimensional.nanofiber.network,.which.is.similar.to.collagen,.
the.high.water.content,.the.control.of.biotechnological.production,.and.
175