Figure 6.14
Deposited fiber
Bacterial
cell
25 µm
1
2
3
25 µm
4
5
6
Amplitude
120 sec/picture
6.11 ± 0.53 µm
7.3 ± 0.2 µm
Periodicity
17.85 ± 0.04 µm
13.9 ± 0.2 µm
135
Nematic Ordered Cellulose Templates
Figure 6.14
Successive. images. showing. the. motion. using. real-time. video. analysis. of. a. bacterium. as. it.
secretes.a.cellulose.nanofiber.on.the.nematic.ordered.chitin.template..The.bacterium.is.attached.
and. thereafter. is. synthesizing. the. fiber. on. the. molecular. tracks. in. the. template. . showing. a.
“waving”.motion.pattern.
fibers. deposited. on. NOC. templates.. Instead,. the. bacteria. begin. to. follow.
the.molecular.tracks,.but.soon.they.jump.off.the.track.and.synthesize.their.
cellulose.parallel.to.neighboring.tracks,.once.again.soon.jumping.off..This.
“waving. ”.pattern.was.repeated.across.the.template,.as.evidenced.by.direct.
video. imaging. of. the. motion. of. the. bacteria. as. they. secrete. the. cellulose.
nanofiber,.as.shown.in.Figure 6.14.(Kondo.et.al..2012).
Figure 6.14.shows.the.time.course.(120.s.between.each.frame).of.the.waving. .
pattern.of.movement.for.a.G. xylinus.cell.having.a.width.of.1.μm.and.a.length.
of. 10. μm. in. length,. together. with. the. deposited. fiber. in. the. same. waving.
pattern.. The. time-lapse. observation. also. showed. that. the. cell. movement.
was. at. a. constant. rate. of. 2.05. μm/min. (standard. deviation. ±0.14. μm/min).
at.24°C,.which.is.thought.to.be.the.result.of.an.inverse.force.imposed.by.the.
directed.polymerization.and.crystallization.of.the.cellulose.in.the.bacterium..
The.amplitude.and.periodicity.of.the.waving.as.indicated.in.Figure 6.14.was.
6.11.±.0.53.μm.and.17.85.±.0.04.μm,.respectively..As.seen.in.the.minimum.
standard.deviation.in.the.periodicity.of.the.waving.pattern,.the.movement.
of.the.bacterium.is.fairly.periodic.and.regular..However,.the.rate.of.motion.
on.the.nematic.ordered.chitin.template.was.the.same.as.that.for.cell.movements.without.templates..Furthermore,.there.was.no.difference.in.the.rate.of.
movement.on.the.track.and.off.the.track,.indicating.that.the.interaction.of.the.
Deposited fiber
Bacterial
cell
25 µm
1
2
3
25 µm
4
5
6
Amplitude
120 sec/picture
6.11 ± 0.53 µm
7.3 ± 0.2 µm
Periodicity
17.85 ± 0.04 µm
13.9 ± 0.2 µm
135
Nematic Ordered Cellulose Templates
Figure 6.14
Successive. images. showing. the. motion. using. real-time. video. analysis. of. a. bacterium. as. it.
secretes.a.cellulose.nanofiber.on.the.nematic.ordered.chitin.template..The.bacterium.is.attached.
and. thereafter. is. synthesizing. the. fiber. on. the. molecular. tracks. in. the. template. . showing. a.
“waving”.motion.pattern.
fibers. deposited. on. NOC. templates.. Instead,. the. bacteria. begin. to. follow.
the.molecular.tracks,.but.soon.they.jump.off.the.track.and.synthesize.their.
cellulose.parallel.to.neighboring.tracks,.once.again.soon.jumping.off..This.
“waving. ”.pattern.was.repeated.across.the.template,.as.evidenced.by.direct.
video. imaging. of. the. motion. of. the. bacteria. as. they. secrete. the. cellulose.
nanofiber,.as.shown.in.Figure 6.14.(Kondo.et.al..2012).
Figure 6.14.shows.the.time.course.(120.s.between.each.frame).of.the.waving. .
pattern.of.movement.for.a.G. xylinus.cell.having.a.width.of.1.μm.and.a.length.
of. 10. μm. in. length,. together. with. the. deposited. fiber. in. the. same. waving.
pattern.. The. time-lapse. observation. also. showed. that. the. cell. movement.
was. at. a. constant. rate. of. 2.05. μm/min. (standard. deviation. ±0.14. μm/min).
at.24°C,.which.is.thought.to.be.the.result.of.an.inverse.force.imposed.by.the.
directed.polymerization.and.crystallization.of.the.cellulose.in.the.bacterium..
The.amplitude.and.periodicity.of.the.waving.as.indicated.in.Figure 6.14.was.
6.11.±.0.53.μm.and.17.85.±.0.04.μm,.respectively..As.seen.in.the.minimum.
standard.deviation.in.the.periodicity.of.the.waving.pattern,.the.movement.
of.the.bacterium.is.fairly.periodic.and.regular..However,.the.rate.of.motion.
on.the.nematic.ordered.chitin.template.was.the.same.as.that.for.cell.movements.without.templates..Furthermore,.there.was.no.difference.in.the.rate.of.
movement.on.the.track.and.off.the.track,.indicating.that.the.interaction.of.the.