104
Bacterial Cellulose
immobilization.of.P. stutzeri.on.BNC.increased.the.nitrate.adsorption.capacity,.decreased.the.cell.leakage,.resulted.in.higher.activity.of.immobilized.
cells,.and.allowed.better.operational.control.(Rezaee.et.al..2008a,.2008b).
In.a.similar.work,.Nguyen.et.al..(2009).used.BNC.as.a.carrier.for.the.immobilization. of. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. The. immobilization. method. included.
two.steps:.adsorption.and.incubation..First,.the.initial.cell.concentration.of.
the. yeast. suspension. and. immobilization. time. were. optimized. for. maximization. of. cell. immobilization. yield.. Then,. the. BNC. pieces. were. isolated.
and.incubated.in.a.sterile.empty.vessel.at.a.suitable.temperature.so.that.cell.
growth.occurs..This.method.led.to.an.increase.in.the.metabolic.activities.of.
the.immobilized.yeast.in.BNC.and.proved.useful.during.wine.fermentation.
Modifications for Optoelectronic Devices
Transmitting.and.presenting.information.is.very.important.in.today’s.society..
Advances. in. technology,. applied. to. computer. and. television. screens,. has.
resulted. in. lightweight. and. flexible. display. devices. such. as. liquid. crystal.
. displays. (LCDs),. cathode. ray. tube. displays,. organic. light. emitting. diode.
(OLED).displays,.and.plasma.screens..Nevertheless,.mostly.due.to.its.optical.
properties,.low.cost,.and.flexibility,.the.printed.page.on.paper.(i.e.,.cellulose).
is.still.the.most.popular.display.medium.
In.recent.years,.efforts.have.concentrated.on.the.development.of.an.electronic.
display.screen.that.combines.the.desired.optical.properties.of.paper.with.the.
dynamic.capability.of.conventional.digital.screens,.a.technology.commonly.
referred.to.as.“electronic.paper.”.This.concept.was.first.put.into.practice.by.
Shah.and.Brown.(2005),.who.created.a.dynamic.display.on BC..After.production.of.a.BNC.sheet,.ions.are.deposited.around.the.BNC.microfibrils,.thus.
making. the.cellulose. an.electrically. conducting. (or semiconducting). sheet..
Electrochromic.dyes.are.then.immobilized.within.the.microstructure..The.
system.is.then.encased.between.transparent.electrodes,.allowing.reversible.
color.changes.upon.application.of.switching.. potentials..The.device.obtained.
has. several. advantages,. such. as. high. paperlike. . reflectivity,. flexibility,. contrast,.and.biodegradability,.with.the.potential.to.be.used.in.e-book.tablets,.
e-newspapers,.and.other.applications.
More. recently,. Legnani. et. al.. (2008). used. a. BNC. membrane. as. an. OLED.
substrate..In.this.work,.thin.films.of.indium.tin.oxide.(an.attractive.. material.
for.optoelectronic.devices.due.to.its.high.transmittance.in.the.visible.region.
of. the. spectrum. and. high. conductivity). were. deposited. onto. dried. BNC.
membranes. at. room. temperature. using. radio. frequency. sputtering.. The.
functionalized. membrane. obtained. presented. full. biocompatibility. and.
demonstrated. the. potential. for. use. in. optoelectronic. devices,. including. in.
the.biomedical.field.for.photodynamic.therapy.
Bacterial Cellulose
immobilization.of.P. stutzeri.on.BNC.increased.the.nitrate.adsorption.capacity,.decreased.the.cell.leakage,.resulted.in.higher.activity.of.immobilized.
cells,.and.allowed.better.operational.control.(Rezaee.et.al..2008a,.2008b).
In.a.similar.work,.Nguyen.et.al..(2009).used.BNC.as.a.carrier.for.the.immobilization. of. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. The. immobilization. method. included.
two.steps:.adsorption.and.incubation..First,.the.initial.cell.concentration.of.
the. yeast. suspension. and. immobilization. time. were. optimized. for. maximization. of. cell. immobilization. yield.. Then,. the. BNC. pieces. were. isolated.
and.incubated.in.a.sterile.empty.vessel.at.a.suitable.temperature.so.that.cell.
growth.occurs..This.method.led.to.an.increase.in.the.metabolic.activities.of.
the.immobilized.yeast.in.BNC.and.proved.useful.during.wine.fermentation.
Modifications for Optoelectronic Devices
Transmitting.and.presenting.information.is.very.important.in.today’s.society..
Advances. in. technology,. applied. to. computer. and. television. screens,. has.
resulted. in. lightweight. and. flexible. display. devices. such. as. liquid. crystal.
. displays. (LCDs),. cathode. ray. tube. displays,. organic. light. emitting. diode.
(OLED).displays,.and.plasma.screens..Nevertheless,.mostly.due.to.its.optical.
properties,.low.cost,.and.flexibility,.the.printed.page.on.paper.(i.e.,.cellulose).
is.still.the.most.popular.display.medium.
In.recent.years,.efforts.have.concentrated.on.the.development.of.an.electronic.
display.screen.that.combines.the.desired.optical.properties.of.paper.with.the.
dynamic.capability.of.conventional.digital.screens,.a.technology.commonly.
referred.to.as.“electronic.paper.”.This.concept.was.first.put.into.practice.by.
Shah.and.Brown.(2005),.who.created.a.dynamic.display.on BC..After.production.of.a.BNC.sheet,.ions.are.deposited.around.the.BNC.microfibrils,.thus.
making. the.cellulose. an.electrically. conducting. (or semiconducting). sheet..
Electrochromic.dyes.are.then.immobilized.within.the.microstructure..The.
system.is.then.encased.between.transparent.electrodes,.allowing.reversible.
color.changes.upon.application.of.switching.. potentials..The.device.obtained.
has. several. advantages,. such. as. high. paperlike. . reflectivity,. flexibility,. contrast,.and.biodegradability,.with.the.potential.to.be.used.in.e-book.tablets,.
e-newspapers,.and.other.applications.
More. recently,. Legnani. et. al.. (2008). used. a. BNC. membrane. as. an. OLED.
substrate..In.this.work,.thin.films.of.indium.tin.oxide.(an.attractive.. material.
for.optoelectronic.devices.due.to.its.high.transmittance.in.the.visible.region.
of. the. spectrum. and. high. conductivity). were. deposited. onto. dried. BNC.
membranes. at. room. temperature. using. radio. frequency. sputtering.. The.
functionalized. membrane. obtained. presented. full. biocompatibility. and.
demonstrated. the. potential. for. use. in. optoelectronic. devices,. including. in.
the.biomedical.field.for.photodynamic.therapy.