89
Tough Bacterial Nanocellulose Hydrogels Based on the Double-Network
Gong,.J..P.,.T..Kurokawa,.and.T..Narita..2001..Synthesis.of.hydrogels.with.extremely.
low.surface.friction..J. Am. Chem. Soc..123:5582–5583.
Hagiwara,.A.,.A..Putra,.A..Kakugo,.H..Furukawa,.and.J..P..Gong..2010..Ligament-like.
tough.double-network.hydrogel.based.on.bacterial.cellulose..Cellulose.17:93–101.
Hestrin,.S.,.and.M..Schramm..1954..Synthesis.of.cellulose.by.Acetobacter xylinum..II..
Preparation.of.freeze-dried.cells.capable.of.polymerizing.glucose.to.cellulose..
Biochem. J..58:345–352.
Iyakushin-Hatsu..2003..Basic.concept.on.biological.evaluation.of.the.safety.for.therapeutic.devices.(including.transcription.of.document.ISO.10993-6:.Biological.evaluation.
of.medical.devices..Part.6:.Tests.for.local.effects.after.implantation)..No..0213001.
(official.document).from.the.Ministry.of.Health,.Labor.and.Welfare,.Japan.
Kakugo,.A.,.S..Sugimoto,.J..P..Gong,.and.Y..Osada..2002..Gel.machines.constructed.
from.chemically.cross-linked.actins.and.myosins..Adv. Mater..14:1124–1126.
McCutchen,.C..W..1978..Lubrication of Joints, the Joints and Synovial Fluid..New.York:.
Academic.Press.
McKellop,.H.,.I..Clarke,.K..Markolf,.and.H..Amstutz..1981..Friction.and.wear.properties.of.polymer,.metal,.and.ceramic.prosthetic.joint.materials.evaluated.on.a.
multichannel.screening.device..J. Biomed. Mater. Res..15:619–653.
Ministry. of. Health,. Labour,. and. Welfare,. Japan.. 2003.. Basic. concept. on. biological.
evaluation.of.the.safety.for.therapeutic.devices..Iyakushin-Hatsu.no..0213001,.
Tokyo,.Japan.
Nakayama,.A.,.A..Kakugo,.and.J..P..Gong..2004..High.mechanical.strength.doublenetwork.hydrogel.with.bacterial.cellulose..Adv. Funct. Mater..14:1124–1128.
Obukhov,.S..P.,.M..Rubinstein,.and.R..H..Colby..1994..Network.modulus.and.superelasticity..Macromolecules 27:3191–3198.
Okumura,. K.,. and. P.. G.. de. Gennes.. 2001.. Why. is. nacre. strong?. Elastic. theory. and.
fracture.mechanics.for.biocomposites.with.stratified.structures..Eur. Phys. J. E
4:121–127.
Osada,.Y.,.and.A..Matsuda..1995..Shape.memory.in.hydrogels..Nature.376:219.
Osada,. Y.,. H.. Okuzaki,. and. H.. Hori.1992.. A. polymer. gel. with. electrically. driven.
motility..Nature.355:242–244.
Takai,. M.,. Y.. Tsuta,. and. S.. Watanabe.. 1975.. Biosynthesis. of. cellulose. by. Acetobacter
xylinum..I..Characterizations.of.bacterial.cellulose..Polym. J..7:137–146.
Tanabe,.Y.,.K..Yasuda,.and.C..Azuma..2008..Biological.responses.of.novel.high-toughness.
double.network.hydrogels.in.muscle.and.the.subcutaneous.tissues..J. Mater. Sci.
Mater. Med..19:1379–1387.
Ueno,. M.,. K.. Ikeuchi,. T.. Nakamura,. and. M..Akagi.. 2002.. Comparison. of. the. wear.
property. of. polyethylene. plate. in. total. knee. prostheses. (TKP). using. different.
femoral.component.materials..Bioceramics.15:801–804.
Woo,.S.,.S..D..Abramowitch,.J..C..Loh,.V..Musahl,.and.J..C..Wang..2004..Ligament.healing:.present.status.and.the.future.of.functional.tissue.engineering..In:.F..Guilak,.
D..L..Butler,.S..A..Goldstein,.and.D..J..Mooney,.eds.,.Functional tissue engineering..
Dordrecht:.Springer,.17–21.
Yasuda,. K.,. J.. P.. Gong,. and. Y.. Katsuyama. 2005.. Biomechanical. properties. of. hightoughness. .double.network.hydrogels..Biomaterials.26:4468–4475.
Tough Bacterial Nanocellulose Hydrogels Based on the Double-Network
Gong,.J..P.,.T..Kurokawa,.and.T..Narita..2001..Synthesis.of.hydrogels.with.extremely.
low.surface.friction..J. Am. Chem. Soc..123:5582–5583.
Hagiwara,.A.,.A..Putra,.A..Kakugo,.H..Furukawa,.and.J..P..Gong..2010..Ligament-like.
tough.double-network.hydrogel.based.on.bacterial.cellulose..Cellulose.17:93–101.
Hestrin,.S.,.and.M..Schramm..1954..Synthesis.of.cellulose.by.Acetobacter xylinum..II..
Preparation.of.freeze-dried.cells.capable.of.polymerizing.glucose.to.cellulose..
Biochem. J..58:345–352.
Iyakushin-Hatsu..2003..Basic.concept.on.biological.evaluation.of.the.safety.for.therapeutic.devices.(including.transcription.of.document.ISO.10993-6:.Biological.evaluation.
of.medical.devices..Part.6:.Tests.for.local.effects.after.implantation)..No..0213001.
(official.document).from.the.Ministry.of.Health,.Labor.and.Welfare,.Japan.
Kakugo,.A.,.S..Sugimoto,.J..P..Gong,.and.Y..Osada..2002..Gel.machines.constructed.
from.chemically.cross-linked.actins.and.myosins..Adv. Mater..14:1124–1126.
McCutchen,.C..W..1978..Lubrication of Joints, the Joints and Synovial Fluid..New.York:.
Academic.Press.
McKellop,.H.,.I..Clarke,.K..Markolf,.and.H..Amstutz..1981..Friction.and.wear.properties.of.polymer,.metal,.and.ceramic.prosthetic.joint.materials.evaluated.on.a.
multichannel.screening.device..J. Biomed. Mater. Res..15:619–653.
Ministry. of. Health,. Labour,. and. Welfare,. Japan.. 2003.. Basic. concept. on. biological.
evaluation.of.the.safety.for.therapeutic.devices..Iyakushin-Hatsu.no..0213001,.
Tokyo,.Japan.
Nakayama,.A.,.A..Kakugo,.and.J..P..Gong..2004..High.mechanical.strength.doublenetwork.hydrogel.with.bacterial.cellulose..Adv. Funct. Mater..14:1124–1128.
Obukhov,.S..P.,.M..Rubinstein,.and.R..H..Colby..1994..Network.modulus.and.superelasticity..Macromolecules 27:3191–3198.
Okumura,. K.,. and. P.. G.. de. Gennes.. 2001.. Why. is. nacre. strong?. Elastic. theory. and.
fracture.mechanics.for.biocomposites.with.stratified.structures..Eur. Phys. J. E
4:121–127.
Osada,.Y.,.and.A..Matsuda..1995..Shape.memory.in.hydrogels..Nature.376:219.
Osada,. Y.,. H.. Okuzaki,. and. H.. Hori.1992.. A. polymer. gel. with. electrically. driven.
motility..Nature.355:242–244.
Takai,. M.,. Y.. Tsuta,. and. S.. Watanabe.. 1975.. Biosynthesis. of. cellulose. by. Acetobacter
xylinum..I..Characterizations.of.bacterial.cellulose..Polym. J..7:137–146.
Tanabe,.Y.,.K..Yasuda,.and.C..Azuma..2008..Biological.responses.of.novel.high-toughness.
double.network.hydrogels.in.muscle.and.the.subcutaneous.tissues..J. Mater. Sci.
Mater. Med..19:1379–1387.
Ueno,. M.,. K.. Ikeuchi,. T.. Nakamura,. and. M..Akagi.. 2002.. Comparison. of. the. wear.
property. of. polyethylene. plate. in. total. knee. prostheses. (TKP). using. different.
femoral.component.materials..Bioceramics.15:801–804.
Woo,.S.,.S..D..Abramowitch,.J..C..Loh,.V..Musahl,.and.J..C..Wang..2004..Ligament.healing:.present.status.and.the.future.of.functional.tissue.engineering..In:.F..Guilak,.
D..L..Butler,.S..A..Goldstein,.and.D..J..Mooney,.eds.,.Functional tissue engineering..
Dordrecht:.Springer,.17–21.
Yasuda,. K.,. J.. P.. Gong,. and. Y.. Katsuyama. 2005.. Biomechanical. properties. of. hightoughness. .double.network.hydrogels..Biomaterials.26:4468–4475.