50
Xenopus
Lamb, T.M., Knecht, A.K., Smith, W.C., Stachel, S.E., Economides,
A.N., Stahl, N., Yancopolous, G.D. and Harland, R.M. 1993.
Neural induction by the secreted polypeptide noggin. Science
262, 713–718.
Lee, H.X., Ambrosio, A.L., Reversade, B. and De Robertis, E.M.
2006. Embryonic dorsal-ventral signaling: Secreted Frizzledrelated proteins as inhibitors of Tolloid proteinases. Cell 124,
147–159.
Lee, H.X., Mendes, F.A., Plouhinec, J.L. and De Robertis, E.M.
2009. Enzymatic regulation of pattern: BMP4 binds CUB
domains of Tolloids and inhibits proteinase activity. Genes
Dev. 23, 2551–2562.
Leyns, L., Bouwmeester, T., Kim, S.H., Piccolo, S. and De Robertis,
E.M. 1997. Frzb-1 is a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling
expressed in the Spemann organizer. Cell 88, 747–756.
Little, S.C. and Mullins, M.C. 2006. Extracellular modulation of
BMP activity in patterning the dorsoventral axis. Birth Def.
Res. 78, 224–242. Moody, S.A. 1987. Fates of the blastomeres of the 16-cell stage Xenopus embryo. Dev. Biol. 119,
560–578.
Moriyama, Y. and De Robertis, E.M. 2018. Embryonic
regeneration by relocalization of the Spemann organizer
during twinning in Xenopus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
115, E4815–E4822.
Morgan, T. H. 1895. Half embryos and whole embryos from one of
the frst two blastomeres. Anat. Anz. 10, 623–638.
Niehrs, C. and Pollet, N. 1999. Synexpression groups in eukaryotes.
Nature 402, 483–487.
Oelgeschläger, M., Kuroda, H., Reversade, B. and De Robertis,
E.M. 2003. Chordin is required for the Spemann organizer
transplantation phenomenon in Xenopus embryos. Dev. Cell
4, 219–230.
Oelgeschläger, M., Larraín, J., Geissert, D. and De Robertis, E.M.
2000. The evolutionary conserved BMP-binding protein
Twisted Gastrulation promotes BMP signalling. Nature 405,
757–763.
Onichtchouk, D., Chen, Y.G., Dosch, R., Gawantka, V., Delius,
H., Massagué, J. and Niehrs, C. 1999. Silencing of TGFbeta signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI. Nature 401,
480–485.
Onichtchouk, D., Gawantka, V., Dosch, R., Delius, H., Hirschfeld,
K., Blumenstock, C. and Niehrs, C. 1996. The Xvent-2
homeobox gene is part of the BMP-4 signalling pathway
controlling dorsoventral patterning of Xenopus mesoderm.
Development 122, 3045–3053.
Pera, E. and De Robertis, E.M. 2000. A direct screen for secreted
proteins in Xenopus embryos identifes distinct activities for
the Wnt antagonists Crescent and Frzb-1. Mech. Dev. 96,
183–195.
Piccolo, S., Agius, E., Leyns, L., Battacharyya, S., Grunz, H.,
Bouwmeester, T. and De Robertis, E.M. 1999. The head
inducer Cerberus is a multifunctional antagonist of Nodal,
BMP and Wnt signals. Nature 397, 707–710.
Piccolo, S., Agius, E., Lu, B., Goodman, S., Dale, L. and De
Robertis, E.M. 1997. Cleavage of Chordin by the Xolloid
metalloprotease suggests a role for proteolytic processing in
the regulation of Spemann organizer activity. Cell 91 , 407–416.
Piccolo, S., Sasai, Y., Lu, B. and De Robertis, E.M. 1996. Dorsoventral
patterning in Xenopus: Inhibition of ventral signals by direct
binding of Chordin to BMP-4. Cell 86, 589–598.
Plouhinec, J.L., Zakin, L., Moriyama, Y. and De Robertis, E.M.
2013. Chordin forms a self-organizing morphogen gradient
in the extracellular space between ectoderm and mesoderm
in the Xenopus embryo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110,
20372–20379.
Reversade, B. and De Robertis, E.M. 2005. Regulation of ADMP
and BMP2/4/7 at opposite embryonic poles generates a
self-regulating morphogen f eld. Cell 123, 1147–1160.
Sander, V., Reversade, B. and De Robertis, E.M. 2007. The opposing homebox genes Goosecoid and Vent1/2 self-regulate
Xenopus patterning. EMBO J. 26, 2955–2965.
Sasai, Y., Lu, B., Steinbeisser, H. and De Robertis, E.M. 1995.
Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and BMP-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus. Nature 376, 333–336.
Sasai, Y., Lu, B., Steinbeisser, H., Geissert, D., Gont, L.K. and De
Robertis, E.M. 1994. Xenopus chordin: A novel dorsalizing
factor activated by organizer-specifc homeobox genes. Cell
79, 779–790.
Session, A.M., et al. 2016. Genome evolution in the allotetraploid
frog Xenopus laevis. Nature 538, 336–343.
Smith, W.C. and Harland, R.M. 1992. Expression cloning of
Noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann
organizer in Xenopus embryos. Cell 70, 829–840.
Spemann, H. 1938. Embryonic Development and Induction. Yale
University Press, New Haven, reprinted by Hafner Publishing
Company, 1962.
Spemann, H. and Mangold, H. 1924. Induction of embryonic primordial by implantation of organizers from a different species. Roux’s Arch. Entw. Mech. 100, 599–638. Reprinted and
translated in Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2001, 45, 13–31.
Taira, M., Jamrich, M., Good, P.J. and Dawid, I.B. 1992. The LIM
domain-containing homeo box gene Xlim-1 is expressed specifcally in the organizer region of Xenopus gastrula embryos.
Genes Dev 6, 356–366.
Vodicka, M.A. and Gerhart, J.C. 1995. Blastomere derivation and
domains of gene expression in the Spemann organizer of
Xenopus laevis. Development 121, 3505–3518.
Wilson, P. A. and Hemmati-Brivanlou, A. 1995. Induction of
epidermis and inhibition of neural fate by Bmp-4. Nature
376, 331–333.
Zimmerman, L.B., De Jesús-Escobar, J.M. and Harland, R.M.
1996. The Spemann organizer signal Noggin binds and
inactivates bone morphogenetic protein 4. Cell 86, 599–606.
Zinski, J., Tajer, B. and Mullins, M.C. 2018. TGF-β family signaling
in early vertebrate development. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect.
Biol. 10, a033274.
Xenopus
Lamb, T.M., Knecht, A.K., Smith, W.C., Stachel, S.E., Economides,
A.N., Stahl, N., Yancopolous, G.D. and Harland, R.M. 1993.
Neural induction by the secreted polypeptide noggin. Science
262, 713–718.
Lee, H.X., Ambrosio, A.L., Reversade, B. and De Robertis, E.M.
2006. Embryonic dorsal-ventral signaling: Secreted Frizzledrelated proteins as inhibitors of Tolloid proteinases. Cell 124,
147–159.
Lee, H.X., Mendes, F.A., Plouhinec, J.L. and De Robertis, E.M.
2009. Enzymatic regulation of pattern: BMP4 binds CUB
domains of Tolloids and inhibits proteinase activity. Genes
Dev. 23, 2551–2562.
Leyns, L., Bouwmeester, T., Kim, S.H., Piccolo, S. and De Robertis,
E.M. 1997. Frzb-1 is a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling
expressed in the Spemann organizer. Cell 88, 747–756.
Little, S.C. and Mullins, M.C. 2006. Extracellular modulation of
BMP activity in patterning the dorsoventral axis. Birth Def.
Res. 78, 224–242. Moody, S.A. 1987. Fates of the blastomeres of the 16-cell stage Xenopus embryo. Dev. Biol. 119,
560–578.
Moriyama, Y. and De Robertis, E.M. 2018. Embryonic
regeneration by relocalization of the Spemann organizer
during twinning in Xenopus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
115, E4815–E4822.
Morgan, T. H. 1895. Half embryos and whole embryos from one of
the frst two blastomeres. Anat. Anz. 10, 623–638.
Niehrs, C. and Pollet, N. 1999. Synexpression groups in eukaryotes.
Nature 402, 483–487.
Oelgeschläger, M., Kuroda, H., Reversade, B. and De Robertis,
E.M. 2003. Chordin is required for the Spemann organizer
transplantation phenomenon in Xenopus embryos. Dev. Cell
4, 219–230.
Oelgeschläger, M., Larraín, J., Geissert, D. and De Robertis, E.M.
2000. The evolutionary conserved BMP-binding protein
Twisted Gastrulation promotes BMP signalling. Nature 405,
757–763.
Onichtchouk, D., Chen, Y.G., Dosch, R., Gawantka, V., Delius,
H., Massagué, J. and Niehrs, C. 1999. Silencing of TGFbeta signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI. Nature 401,
480–485.
Onichtchouk, D., Gawantka, V., Dosch, R., Delius, H., Hirschfeld,
K., Blumenstock, C. and Niehrs, C. 1996. The Xvent-2
homeobox gene is part of the BMP-4 signalling pathway
controlling dorsoventral patterning of Xenopus mesoderm.
Development 122, 3045–3053.
Pera, E. and De Robertis, E.M. 2000. A direct screen for secreted
proteins in Xenopus embryos identifes distinct activities for
the Wnt antagonists Crescent and Frzb-1. Mech. Dev. 96,
183–195.
Piccolo, S., Agius, E., Leyns, L., Battacharyya, S., Grunz, H.,
Bouwmeester, T. and De Robertis, E.M. 1999. The head
inducer Cerberus is a multifunctional antagonist of Nodal,
BMP and Wnt signals. Nature 397, 707–710.
Piccolo, S., Agius, E., Lu, B., Goodman, S., Dale, L. and De
Robertis, E.M. 1997. Cleavage of Chordin by the Xolloid
metalloprotease suggests a role for proteolytic processing in
the regulation of Spemann organizer activity. Cell 91 , 407–416.
Piccolo, S., Sasai, Y., Lu, B. and De Robertis, E.M. 1996. Dorsoventral
patterning in Xenopus: Inhibition of ventral signals by direct
binding of Chordin to BMP-4. Cell 86, 589–598.
Plouhinec, J.L., Zakin, L., Moriyama, Y. and De Robertis, E.M.
2013. Chordin forms a self-organizing morphogen gradient
in the extracellular space between ectoderm and mesoderm
in the Xenopus embryo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110,
20372–20379.
Reversade, B. and De Robertis, E.M. 2005. Regulation of ADMP
and BMP2/4/7 at opposite embryonic poles generates a
self-regulating morphogen f eld. Cell 123, 1147–1160.
Sander, V., Reversade, B. and De Robertis, E.M. 2007. The opposing homebox genes Goosecoid and Vent1/2 self-regulate
Xenopus patterning. EMBO J. 26, 2955–2965.
Sasai, Y., Lu, B., Steinbeisser, H. and De Robertis, E.M. 1995.
Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and BMP-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus. Nature 376, 333–336.
Sasai, Y., Lu, B., Steinbeisser, H., Geissert, D., Gont, L.K. and De
Robertis, E.M. 1994. Xenopus chordin: A novel dorsalizing
factor activated by organizer-specifc homeobox genes. Cell
79, 779–790.
Session, A.M., et al. 2016. Genome evolution in the allotetraploid
frog Xenopus laevis. Nature 538, 336–343.
Smith, W.C. and Harland, R.M. 1992. Expression cloning of
Noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann
organizer in Xenopus embryos. Cell 70, 829–840.
Spemann, H. 1938. Embryonic Development and Induction. Yale
University Press, New Haven, reprinted by Hafner Publishing
Company, 1962.
Spemann, H. and Mangold, H. 1924. Induction of embryonic primordial by implantation of organizers from a different species. Roux’s Arch. Entw. Mech. 100, 599–638. Reprinted and
translated in Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2001, 45, 13–31.
Taira, M., Jamrich, M., Good, P.J. and Dawid, I.B. 1992. The LIM
domain-containing homeo box gene Xlim-1 is expressed specifcally in the organizer region of Xenopus gastrula embryos.
Genes Dev 6, 356–366.
Vodicka, M.A. and Gerhart, J.C. 1995. Blastomere derivation and
domains of gene expression in the Spemann organizer of
Xenopus laevis. Development 121, 3505–3518.
Wilson, P. A. and Hemmati-Brivanlou, A. 1995. Induction of
epidermis and inhibition of neural fate by Bmp-4. Nature
376, 331–333.
Zimmerman, L.B., De Jesús-Escobar, J.M. and Harland, R.M.
1996. The Spemann organizer signal Noggin binds and
inactivates bone morphogenetic protein 4. Cell 86, 599–606.
Zinski, J., Tajer, B. and Mullins, M.C. 2018. TGF-β family signaling
in early vertebrate development. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect.
Biol. 10, a033274.