134
Xenopus
and epigenetic mechanisms that control these processes?
How are decisions made at the single cell, rather than
population, level? With an ever-expanding toolkit of powerful genomic technologies, answers to such questions
are now within reach. A similar set of questions concerns
the developmental potential of neural crest cells. To what
extent is the global regulatory architecture of the neural crest shared with pluripotent blastula cells, and what
are the shared versus unique regulatory features of each
population? To what extent is the link between neural
crest and blastula stem cells evolutionarily conserved
across the vertebrate tree of life? Comparative embryology (“evo-devo”) will be instrumental in addressing these
and similar questions.
Overall, this is a very exciting time for studies focused
on understanding the development and evolution of neural
crest cells. The experimental strengths of Xenopus as a
model system, combined with cutting-edge molecular and
genomic tools, make it likely that this model will continue
to be at the forefront of such studies and continue to produce exciting advances in our understanding of this fascinating cell type.
REFERENCES
Abbruzzese, G., S. F. Becker, J. Kashef and D. Alfandari (2016).
“ADAM13 cleavage of cadherin-11 promotes CNC migration
independently of the homophilic binding site.” Developmental
Biology 415 (2): 383–390.
Abu-Elmagd, M., C. Garcia-Morales and G. N. Wheeler (2006).
“Frizzled7 mediates canonical Wnt signaling in neural crest
induction.” Developmental Biology 298 (1): 285–298.
Acloque, H., O. H. Ocaña, A. Matheu, K. Rizzoti, C. Wise, R.
Lovell-Badge and M. A. Nieto (2011). “Reciprocal repression between Sox3 and snail transcription factors def nes
embryonic territories at gastrulation.” Developmental Cell
21 (3): 546–558.
Akira, E. and H. Ide (1987). “Differentiation of neural crest cells
of Xenopus laevis in clonal culture.” Pigment Cell Research
1 (1): 28–36.
Alfandari, D., H. Cousin and M. Marsden (2010). “Mechanism of
Xenopus cranial neural crest cell migration.” Cell Adhesion &
Migration 4 (4): 553–560.
Alfandari, D., T. G. Wolfsberg, J. M. White and D. W. DeSimone
(1997). “ADAM 13: A novel ADAM expressed in somitic
mesoderm and neural crest cells during Xenopus laevis
development.” Developmental Biology 182 (2): 314–330.
Alkobtawi, M., H. Ray, E. H. Barriga, M. Moreno, R. Kerney,
A.-H. Monsoro-Burq, J.-P. Saint-Jeannet and R. Mayor
(2018). “Characterization of Pax3 and Sox10 transgenic
Xenopus laevis embryos as tools to study neural crest
development.” Developmental Biology 444(Supplement):
S202–S208.
Almeida, A. D., H. M. Wise, C. J. Hindley, M. K. Slevin, R. S.
Hartley and A. Philpott (2010). “The F-box protein Cdc4/
Fbxw7 is a novel regulator of neural crest development in
Xenopus laevis.” Neural Development 5 (1): 1.
Aoki, Y., N. Saint-Germain, M. Gyda, E. Magner-Fink, Y.-H. Lee,
C. Credidio and J.-P. Saint-Jeannet (2003). “Sox10 regulates the development of neural crest-derived melanocytes in
Xenopus.” Developmental Biology 259 (1): 19–33.
Aslan, Y., E. Tadjuidje, A. M. Zorn and S.-W. Cha (2017). “Higheffciency non-mosaic CRISPR-mediated knock-in and indel
mutation in F0 Xenopus.” Development 144 (15): 2852–2858.
Aybar, M. J., M. A. Nieto and R. Mayor (2003). “Snail precedes slug in
the genetic cascade required for the specifcation and migration
of the Xenopus neural crest.” Development 130 (3): 483–494.
Bae, C.-J., C.-S. Hong and J.-P. Saint-Jeannet (2018). “Anosmin-1
is essential for neural crest and cranial placodes formation in Xenopus.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research
Communications 495 (3): 2257–2263.
Bae, C.-J., B.-Y. Park, Y.-H. Lee, J. W. Tobias, C.-S. Hong and J.-P.
Saint-Jeannet (2014). “Identifcation of Pax3 and Zic1 targets in the developing neural crest.” Developmental Biology
386 (2): 473–483.
Baker, R. C. and G. O. Graves (1939). “The behavior of the neural crest in the forebrain region of Amblystoma.” Journal of
Comparative Neurology 71 (2): 389–415.
Balfour, F. M. and M. Foster (1876). “II. On the development of
the spinal nerves in elasmobranch f shes.” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London 166 : 175–195.
Barrallo-Gimeno, A. and M. A. Nieto (2005). “The Snail genes
as inducers of cell movement and survival: Implications in
development and cancer.” Development 132 (14): 3151–3161.
Barrallo-Gimeno, A. and M. A. Nieto (2009). “Evolutionary history of the Snail/Scratch superfamily.” Trends in Genetics
25 (6): 248–252.
Barriga, E. H., K. Franze, G. Charras and R. Mayor (2018). “Tissue
stiffening coordinates morphogenesis by triggering collective cell migration in vivo.” Nature 554 (7693): 523–527.
Barriga, E. H., P. H. Maxwell, A. E. Reyes and R. Mayor (2013).
“The hypoxia factor Hif-1α controls neural crest chemotaxis
and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.” Journal of Cell
Biology 201 (5): 759–776.
Barriga, E. H., A. Shellard and R. Mayor (2019). In vivo and in
vitro quantitative analysis of neural crest cell migration.
Neural Crest Cells, Springer: 135–152.
Becker, S., R. Mayor and J. Kashef (2013). “Cadherin-11 mediates
contact inhibition of locomotion during Xenopus neural crest
cell migration.” PLoS One 8 (12): e85717.
Bellmeyer, A., J. Krase, J. Lindgren and C. LaBonne (2003). “The
protooncogene c-myc is an essential regulator of neural crest
formation in Xenopus.” Developmental Cell 4 (6): 827–839.
Blum, M. and T. Ott (2018). “Xenopus: An undervalued model
organism to study and model human genetic disease.” Cells
Tissues Organs 205 (5–6): 303–313.
Bockman, D. E. and M. L. Kirby (1984). “Dependence of thymus
development on derivatives of the neural crest.” Science
223 (4635): 498–500.
Bonano, M., C. Tribulo, T. Aguero, J. DeCalisto, R. Mayor, S.
Sanchez and S. Aybar (2006). “Edn1/Ednra pathway in
Xenopus neural crest development.” Developmental Biology
295 (1): 430–430.
Bonstein, L., S. Elias and D. Frank (1998). “Paraxial-fated mesoderm is required for neural crest induction in Xenopus
embryos.” Developmental Biology 193 (2): 156–168.
Borchers, A., R. David and D. Wedlich (2001). “Xenopus cadherin-11 restrains cranial neural crest migration and inf uences
neural crest specif cation.” Development 128 (16): 3049–3060.
Borchers, A., H.-H. Epperlein and D. Wedlich (2000). “An assay
system to study migratory behavior of cranial neural crest
cells in Xenopus.” Development Genes and Evolution 210(4):
217–222.
Borday, C., K. Parain, H. Thi Tran, K. Vleminckx, M. Perron and
A. H. Monsoro-Burq (2018). “An atlas of Wnt activity during
Xenopus
and epigenetic mechanisms that control these processes?
How are decisions made at the single cell, rather than
population, level? With an ever-expanding toolkit of powerful genomic technologies, answers to such questions
are now within reach. A similar set of questions concerns
the developmental potential of neural crest cells. To what
extent is the global regulatory architecture of the neural crest shared with pluripotent blastula cells, and what
are the shared versus unique regulatory features of each
population? To what extent is the link between neural
crest and blastula stem cells evolutionarily conserved
across the vertebrate tree of life? Comparative embryology (“evo-devo”) will be instrumental in addressing these
and similar questions.
Overall, this is a very exciting time for studies focused
on understanding the development and evolution of neural
crest cells. The experimental strengths of Xenopus as a
model system, combined with cutting-edge molecular and
genomic tools, make it likely that this model will continue
to be at the forefront of such studies and continue to produce exciting advances in our understanding of this fascinating cell type.
REFERENCES
Abbruzzese, G., S. F. Becker, J. Kashef and D. Alfandari (2016).
“ADAM13 cleavage of cadherin-11 promotes CNC migration
independently of the homophilic binding site.” Developmental
Biology 415 (2): 383–390.
Abu-Elmagd, M., C. Garcia-Morales and G. N. Wheeler (2006).
“Frizzled7 mediates canonical Wnt signaling in neural crest
induction.” Developmental Biology 298 (1): 285–298.
Acloque, H., O. H. Ocaña, A. Matheu, K. Rizzoti, C. Wise, R.
Lovell-Badge and M. A. Nieto (2011). “Reciprocal repression between Sox3 and snail transcription factors def nes
embryonic territories at gastrulation.” Developmental Cell
21 (3): 546–558.
Akira, E. and H. Ide (1987). “Differentiation of neural crest cells
of Xenopus laevis in clonal culture.” Pigment Cell Research
1 (1): 28–36.
Alfandari, D., H. Cousin and M. Marsden (2010). “Mechanism of
Xenopus cranial neural crest cell migration.” Cell Adhesion &
Migration 4 (4): 553–560.
Alfandari, D., T. G. Wolfsberg, J. M. White and D. W. DeSimone
(1997). “ADAM 13: A novel ADAM expressed in somitic
mesoderm and neural crest cells during Xenopus laevis
development.” Developmental Biology 182 (2): 314–330.
Alkobtawi, M., H. Ray, E. H. Barriga, M. Moreno, R. Kerney,
A.-H. Monsoro-Burq, J.-P. Saint-Jeannet and R. Mayor
(2018). “Characterization of Pax3 and Sox10 transgenic
Xenopus laevis embryos as tools to study neural crest
development.” Developmental Biology 444(Supplement):
S202–S208.
Almeida, A. D., H. M. Wise, C. J. Hindley, M. K. Slevin, R. S.
Hartley and A. Philpott (2010). “The F-box protein Cdc4/
Fbxw7 is a novel regulator of neural crest development in
Xenopus laevis.” Neural Development 5 (1): 1.
Aoki, Y., N. Saint-Germain, M. Gyda, E. Magner-Fink, Y.-H. Lee,
C. Credidio and J.-P. Saint-Jeannet (2003). “Sox10 regulates the development of neural crest-derived melanocytes in
Xenopus.” Developmental Biology 259 (1): 19–33.
Aslan, Y., E. Tadjuidje, A. M. Zorn and S.-W. Cha (2017). “Higheffciency non-mosaic CRISPR-mediated knock-in and indel
mutation in F0 Xenopus.” Development 144 (15): 2852–2858.
Aybar, M. J., M. A. Nieto and R. Mayor (2003). “Snail precedes slug in
the genetic cascade required for the specifcation and migration
of the Xenopus neural crest.” Development 130 (3): 483–494.
Bae, C.-J., C.-S. Hong and J.-P. Saint-Jeannet (2018). “Anosmin-1
is essential for neural crest and cranial placodes formation in Xenopus.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research
Communications 495 (3): 2257–2263.
Bae, C.-J., B.-Y. Park, Y.-H. Lee, J. W. Tobias, C.-S. Hong and J.-P.
Saint-Jeannet (2014). “Identifcation of Pax3 and Zic1 targets in the developing neural crest.” Developmental Biology
386 (2): 473–483.
Baker, R. C. and G. O. Graves (1939). “The behavior of the neural crest in the forebrain region of Amblystoma.” Journal of
Comparative Neurology 71 (2): 389–415.
Balfour, F. M. and M. Foster (1876). “II. On the development of
the spinal nerves in elasmobranch f shes.” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London 166 : 175–195.
Barrallo-Gimeno, A. and M. A. Nieto (2005). “The Snail genes
as inducers of cell movement and survival: Implications in
development and cancer.” Development 132 (14): 3151–3161.
Barrallo-Gimeno, A. and M. A. Nieto (2009). “Evolutionary history of the Snail/Scratch superfamily.” Trends in Genetics
25 (6): 248–252.
Barriga, E. H., K. Franze, G. Charras and R. Mayor (2018). “Tissue
stiffening coordinates morphogenesis by triggering collective cell migration in vivo.” Nature 554 (7693): 523–527.
Barriga, E. H., P. H. Maxwell, A. E. Reyes and R. Mayor (2013).
“The hypoxia factor Hif-1α controls neural crest chemotaxis
and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.” Journal of Cell
Biology 201 (5): 759–776.
Barriga, E. H., A. Shellard and R. Mayor (2019). In vivo and in
vitro quantitative analysis of neural crest cell migration.
Neural Crest Cells, Springer: 135–152.
Becker, S., R. Mayor and J. Kashef (2013). “Cadherin-11 mediates
contact inhibition of locomotion during Xenopus neural crest
cell migration.” PLoS One 8 (12): e85717.
Bellmeyer, A., J. Krase, J. Lindgren and C. LaBonne (2003). “The
protooncogene c-myc is an essential regulator of neural crest
formation in Xenopus.” Developmental Cell 4 (6): 827–839.
Blum, M. and T. Ott (2018). “Xenopus: An undervalued model
organism to study and model human genetic disease.” Cells
Tissues Organs 205 (5–6): 303–313.
Bockman, D. E. and M. L. Kirby (1984). “Dependence of thymus
development on derivatives of the neural crest.” Science
223 (4635): 498–500.
Bonano, M., C. Tribulo, T. Aguero, J. DeCalisto, R. Mayor, S.
Sanchez and S. Aybar (2006). “Edn1/Ednra pathway in
Xenopus neural crest development.” Developmental Biology
295 (1): 430–430.
Bonstein, L., S. Elias and D. Frank (1998). “Paraxial-fated mesoderm is required for neural crest induction in Xenopus
embryos.” Developmental Biology 193 (2): 156–168.
Borchers, A., R. David and D. Wedlich (2001). “Xenopus cadherin-11 restrains cranial neural crest migration and inf uences
neural crest specif cation.” Development 128 (16): 3049–3060.
Borchers, A., H.-H. Epperlein and D. Wedlich (2000). “An assay
system to study migratory behavior of cranial neural crest
cells in Xenopus.” Development Genes and Evolution 210(4):
217–222.
Borday, C., K. Parain, H. Thi Tran, K. Vleminckx, M. Perron and
A. H. Monsoro-Burq (2018). “An atlas of Wnt activity during