118
Xenopus
a specifc RNA. RNA 16, 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1261/
rna.1742610
Coffman, C.R., Harris, W., Kintner, C., 1990. Xotch, the Xenopus
homolog of Drosophila notch. Science 249, 1438–1441.
Coffman, C.R., Skoglund, P., Harris, W.A., Kintner, C.R., 1993.
Expression of an extracellular deletion of Xotch diverts cell
fate in Xenopus embryos. Cell 73, 659–671.
Contakos, S.P., Gaydos, C.M., Pfeil, E.A., McLaughlin, K.A.,
2005. Subdividing the embryo: A role for Notch signaling
during germ layer patterning in Xenopus laevis. Dev. Biol.
288, 294–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.09.015
Cooke, J., 1981. The problem of periodic patterns in embryos.
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 295, 509–524.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1981.0157
Cooke, J., Zeeman, E.C., 1976. A clock and wavefront model for
control of the number of repeated structures during animal
morphogenesis. J. Theor. Biol. 58, 455–476. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0022-5193(76)80131-2
Cossins, J., Vernon, A.E., Zhang, Y., Philpott, A., Jones, P.H., 2002.
Hes6 regulates myogenic differentiation. Development 129,
2195–207.
Cui, Y., 2005. Hairy is a cell context signal controlling Notch
activity. Dev. Growth Differ. 47, 609–625. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1440-169X.2005.00823.x
Dale, L., Slack, J.M., 1987. Fate map for the 32-cell stage of
Xenopus laevis. Development 99, 527–551.
Davis, R.L., Turner, D.L., 2001. Vertebrate hairy and enhancer of
split related proteins: Transcriptional repressors regulating
cellular differentiation and embryonic patterning. Oncogene
20, 8342–8357. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1205094
Davis, R.L., Turner, D.L., Evans, L.M., Kirschner, M.W., 2001.
Molecular targets of vertebrate segmentation: Two mechanisms control segmental expression of Xenopus hairy2 during somite formation. Dev. Cell 1, 553–565.
Deblandre, G.A., Wettstein, D.A., Koyano-Nakagawa, N., Kintner,
C., 1999. A two-step mechanism generates the spacing pattern of the ciliated cells in the skin of Xenopus embryos.
Development 126, 4715–4728.
De Robertis, E.M., 2009. Spemann’s organizer and the selfregulation of embryonic f elds. Mech. Dev. 126, 925–941.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2009.08.004
Dexter, J.S., 1914. The analysis of a case of continuous variation in
Drosophila by a study of its linkage relations. Am. Nat. 48,
712–758.
Dingwell, K.S., Smith, J.C., 2006. Tes regulates neural crest migration and axial elongation in Xenopus. Dev. Biol. 293, 252–
267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.02.004
D’Souza, B., Meloty-Kapella, L., Weinmaster, G., 2010. Canonical
and non-canonical Notch ligands. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 92,
73–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-2153(10)92003-6
Dubois, L., Bally-Cuif, L., Crozatier, M., Moreau, J., Paquereau,
L., Vincent, A., 1998. XCoe2, a transcription factor of the
Col/Olf-1/EBF family involved in the specif cation of
primary neurons in Xenopus. Curr. Biol. 8, 199–209. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70084-3
Durston, A.J., Peres, J., Cohen, M.H., 2018. Spiral waves and vertebrate embryonic handedness. J. Biosci. 43, 375–390.
Durston, A.J., Wacker, S., Bardine, N., Jansen, H.J., 2012. Time
space translation: A hox mechanism for vertebrate A-P
patterning. Curr. Genomics 13, 300–307. https://doi.org/
10.2174/138920212800793375
Favarolo, M.B., López, S.L., 2018. Notch signaling in the division
of germ layers in bilaterian embryos. Mech. Dev. 154, 122–
144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2018.06.005
Fortini, M.E., 2009. Notch signaling: The core pathway and its
posttranslational regulation. Dev. Cell 16, 633–647. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.03.010
Gautier-Courteille, C., Le Clainche, C., Barreau, C., Audic, Y.,
Graindorge, A., Maniey, D., Osborne, H.B., Paillard, L., 2004.
EDEN-BP-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of gene
expression in Xenopus somitic segmentation. Development
131, 6107–6117. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01528
Gawantka, V., Pollet, N., Delius, H., Vingron, M., Pfster, R., Nitsch,
R., Blumenstock, C., Niehrs, C., 1998. Gene expression
screening in Xenopus identifes molecular pathways, predicts gene function and provides a global view of embryonic
patterning. Mech. Dev. 77, 95–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0925-4773(98)00115-4
Gazave, E., Lapébie, P., Richards, G.S., Brunet, F., Ereskovsky, A.
V., Degnan, B.M., Borchiellini, C., Vervoort, M., Renard, E.,
2009. Origin and evolution of the Notch signalling pathway:
An overview from eukaryotic genomes. BMC Evol. Biol. 9,
249. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-249
Glavic, A., Silva, F., Aybar, M.J., Bastidas, F., Mayor, R., 2004.
Interplay between Notch signaling and the homeoprotein Xiro1 is required for neural crest induction in
Xenopus embryos. Development 131, 347–359. https://doi.
org/10.1242/dev.00945
Goda, T., Takagi, C., Ueno, N., 2009. Xenopus Rnd1 and Rnd3
GTP-binding proteins are expressed under the control of
segmentation clock and required for somite formation. Dev.
Dyn. 238, 2867–2876. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.22099
Gomez, C., Özbudak, E.M., Wunderlich, J., Baumann, D., Lewis,
J., Pourquié, O., 2008. Control of segment number in vertebrate embryos. Nature 454, 335–339. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature07020
Grocott, T., Tambalo, M., Streit, A., 2012. The peripheral sensory
nervous system in the vertebrate head: A gene regulatory
perspective. Dev. Biol. 370, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ydbio.2012.06.028
Groot, A.J., Vooijs, M.A., 2012. The role of Adams in notch
signaling. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 727, 15–36. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0899-4_2
Hardwick, L.J.A., Philpott, A., 2015. Multi-site phosphorylation
regulates NeuroD4 activity during primary neurogenesis: A
conserved mechanism amongst proneural proteins. Neural
Dev. 10, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-015-0044-8
Hardwick, L.J.A., Philpott, A., 2019. N-terminal phosphorylation of xHes1 controls inhibition of primary neurogenesis in
Xenopus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 509, 557–563.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBRC.2018.12.135
Hayata, T., Blitz, I.L., Iwata, N., Cho, K.W.Y., 2009. Identif cation
of embryonic pancreatic genes using Xenopus DNA microarrays. Dev. Dyn. 238, 1455–1466. https://doi.org/10.1002/
dvdy.21868
Hayward, P., Brennan, K., Sanders, P., Balayo, T., DasGupta, R.,
Perrimon, N., Martinez Arias, A., 2005. Notch modulates
Wnt signalling by associating with Armadillo/beta-catenin
and regulating its transcriptional activity. Development 132,
1819–1830. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01724
Hayward, P., Kalmar, T., Martinez Arias, A., 2008. Wnt/Notch
signalling and information processing during development. Development 135, 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1242/
dev.000505
Heeg-Truesdell, E., LaBonne, C., 2006. Neural induction in
Xenopus requires inhibition of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling.
Dev. Biol. 298, 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.
06.015
Xenopus
a specifc RNA. RNA 16, 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1261/
rna.1742610
Coffman, C.R., Harris, W., Kintner, C., 1990. Xotch, the Xenopus
homolog of Drosophila notch. Science 249, 1438–1441.
Coffman, C.R., Skoglund, P., Harris, W.A., Kintner, C.R., 1993.
Expression of an extracellular deletion of Xotch diverts cell
fate in Xenopus embryos. Cell 73, 659–671.
Contakos, S.P., Gaydos, C.M., Pfeil, E.A., McLaughlin, K.A.,
2005. Subdividing the embryo: A role for Notch signaling
during germ layer patterning in Xenopus laevis. Dev. Biol.
288, 294–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.09.015
Cooke, J., 1981. The problem of periodic patterns in embryos.
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 295, 509–524.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1981.0157
Cooke, J., Zeeman, E.C., 1976. A clock and wavefront model for
control of the number of repeated structures during animal
morphogenesis. J. Theor. Biol. 58, 455–476. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0022-5193(76)80131-2
Cossins, J., Vernon, A.E., Zhang, Y., Philpott, A., Jones, P.H., 2002.
Hes6 regulates myogenic differentiation. Development 129,
2195–207.
Cui, Y., 2005. Hairy is a cell context signal controlling Notch
activity. Dev. Growth Differ. 47, 609–625. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1440-169X.2005.00823.x
Dale, L., Slack, J.M., 1987. Fate map for the 32-cell stage of
Xenopus laevis. Development 99, 527–551.
Davis, R.L., Turner, D.L., 2001. Vertebrate hairy and enhancer of
split related proteins: Transcriptional repressors regulating
cellular differentiation and embryonic patterning. Oncogene
20, 8342–8357. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1205094
Davis, R.L., Turner, D.L., Evans, L.M., Kirschner, M.W., 2001.
Molecular targets of vertebrate segmentation: Two mechanisms control segmental expression of Xenopus hairy2 during somite formation. Dev. Cell 1, 553–565.
Deblandre, G.A., Wettstein, D.A., Koyano-Nakagawa, N., Kintner,
C., 1999. A two-step mechanism generates the spacing pattern of the ciliated cells in the skin of Xenopus embryos.
Development 126, 4715–4728.
De Robertis, E.M., 2009. Spemann’s organizer and the selfregulation of embryonic f elds. Mech. Dev. 126, 925–941.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2009.08.004
Dexter, J.S., 1914. The analysis of a case of continuous variation in
Drosophila by a study of its linkage relations. Am. Nat. 48,
712–758.
Dingwell, K.S., Smith, J.C., 2006. Tes regulates neural crest migration and axial elongation in Xenopus. Dev. Biol. 293, 252–
267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.02.004
D’Souza, B., Meloty-Kapella, L., Weinmaster, G., 2010. Canonical
and non-canonical Notch ligands. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 92,
73–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-2153(10)92003-6
Dubois, L., Bally-Cuif, L., Crozatier, M., Moreau, J., Paquereau,
L., Vincent, A., 1998. XCoe2, a transcription factor of the
Col/Olf-1/EBF family involved in the specif cation of
primary neurons in Xenopus. Curr. Biol. 8, 199–209. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70084-3
Durston, A.J., Peres, J., Cohen, M.H., 2018. Spiral waves and vertebrate embryonic handedness. J. Biosci. 43, 375–390.
Durston, A.J., Wacker, S., Bardine, N., Jansen, H.J., 2012. Time
space translation: A hox mechanism for vertebrate A-P
patterning. Curr. Genomics 13, 300–307. https://doi.org/
10.2174/138920212800793375
Favarolo, M.B., López, S.L., 2018. Notch signaling in the division
of germ layers in bilaterian embryos. Mech. Dev. 154, 122–
144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2018.06.005
Fortini, M.E., 2009. Notch signaling: The core pathway and its
posttranslational regulation. Dev. Cell 16, 633–647. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.03.010
Gautier-Courteille, C., Le Clainche, C., Barreau, C., Audic, Y.,
Graindorge, A., Maniey, D., Osborne, H.B., Paillard, L., 2004.
EDEN-BP-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of gene
expression in Xenopus somitic segmentation. Development
131, 6107–6117. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01528
Gawantka, V., Pollet, N., Delius, H., Vingron, M., Pfster, R., Nitsch,
R., Blumenstock, C., Niehrs, C., 1998. Gene expression
screening in Xenopus identifes molecular pathways, predicts gene function and provides a global view of embryonic
patterning. Mech. Dev. 77, 95–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0925-4773(98)00115-4
Gazave, E., Lapébie, P., Richards, G.S., Brunet, F., Ereskovsky, A.
V., Degnan, B.M., Borchiellini, C., Vervoort, M., Renard, E.,
2009. Origin and evolution of the Notch signalling pathway:
An overview from eukaryotic genomes. BMC Evol. Biol. 9,
249. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-249
Glavic, A., Silva, F., Aybar, M.J., Bastidas, F., Mayor, R., 2004.
Interplay between Notch signaling and the homeoprotein Xiro1 is required for neural crest induction in
Xenopus embryos. Development 131, 347–359. https://doi.
org/10.1242/dev.00945
Goda, T., Takagi, C., Ueno, N., 2009. Xenopus Rnd1 and Rnd3
GTP-binding proteins are expressed under the control of
segmentation clock and required for somite formation. Dev.
Dyn. 238, 2867–2876. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.22099
Gomez, C., Özbudak, E.M., Wunderlich, J., Baumann, D., Lewis,
J., Pourquié, O., 2008. Control of segment number in vertebrate embryos. Nature 454, 335–339. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature07020
Grocott, T., Tambalo, M., Streit, A., 2012. The peripheral sensory
nervous system in the vertebrate head: A gene regulatory
perspective. Dev. Biol. 370, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ydbio.2012.06.028
Groot, A.J., Vooijs, M.A., 2012. The role of Adams in notch
signaling. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 727, 15–36. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0899-4_2
Hardwick, L.J.A., Philpott, A., 2015. Multi-site phosphorylation
regulates NeuroD4 activity during primary neurogenesis: A
conserved mechanism amongst proneural proteins. Neural
Dev. 10, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-015-0044-8
Hardwick, L.J.A., Philpott, A., 2019. N-terminal phosphorylation of xHes1 controls inhibition of primary neurogenesis in
Xenopus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 509, 557–563.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBRC.2018.12.135
Hayata, T., Blitz, I.L., Iwata, N., Cho, K.W.Y., 2009. Identif cation
of embryonic pancreatic genes using Xenopus DNA microarrays. Dev. Dyn. 238, 1455–1466. https://doi.org/10.1002/
dvdy.21868
Hayward, P., Brennan, K., Sanders, P., Balayo, T., DasGupta, R.,
Perrimon, N., Martinez Arias, A., 2005. Notch modulates
Wnt signalling by associating with Armadillo/beta-catenin
and regulating its transcriptional activity. Development 132,
1819–1830. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01724
Hayward, P., Kalmar, T., Martinez Arias, A., 2008. Wnt/Notch
signalling and information processing during development. Development 135, 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1242/
dev.000505
Heeg-Truesdell, E., LaBonne, C., 2006. Neural induction in
Xenopus requires inhibition of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling.
Dev. Biol. 298, 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.
06.015