..
,
\
_
TheSterile System
45
'
The_ ozonator must not be contaminated by oil
air—
pumpsso if these are used preliminary oil filtering must be installed.
The protein skimmer employs the same principle as an ascending
j
column of bubbles from an airstone. When such a column is passed
through a solution of organic water, that is a dirty aquarium, the
wastes are deposited as a f0am or scum which in a protein skimmer
is collected for removal. The skimmer is simply a method of passing
the aquarium water continuously through an ascending air stream
_
,
and trapping the resulting residue at the top. If supplied with-ozon—
ised air it will perform both functions and there will be less residue
to dispose of as much will be disposed of by the ozone. The two basic
DW air
'
_
_
Ozone+air
.
'
Fig. 11. An ozoniser—protein skimmer system in detail
types of protein skimmer in use are shown in Figure 12. In thedirect
current design the efficiency of the oxidation process is dependent
on
the available area of the air—water interface (determined by the
size of bubbles and their quantity) and the longest possible contact
time between the water and the air (maximum distance between
diffuser stone and water surface). The process may tendto oxidise
—
weak acids in freshwater and thus increase the pH value, and may
trace elements from saltwater. Inthe counter current design
the water is made to flow in the opposite direction to thebubble
columns from the diffuser. This results in increased contact time and
—
thus more efficient oxidation.
.
_
__
Both the ozoniser and protein skimmer depend for their efficiency
on a good supply of pumped air, which in a sterile environment should
:
be filtered before use. On the other hand, with the ultraviolet steriliser it is necessary
to pump
the water through it, and so it is usually
used in conjunction with a water pump type of mechanical filter,
oftencalled a power filter. The steriliser contains an'ultraviolet lamp
.
'and the aquarium water is passed through in such a way
that the water
_
,
,
\
_
TheSterile System
45
'
The_ ozonator must not be contaminated by oil
air—
pumpsso if these are used preliminary oil filtering must be installed.
The protein skimmer employs the same principle as an ascending
j
column of bubbles from an airstone. When such a column is passed
through a solution of organic water, that is a dirty aquarium, the
wastes are deposited as a f0am or scum which in a protein skimmer
is collected for removal. The skimmer is simply a method of passing
the aquarium water continuously through an ascending air stream
_
,
and trapping the resulting residue at the top. If supplied with-ozon—
ised air it will perform both functions and there will be less residue
to dispose of as much will be disposed of by the ozone. The two basic
DW air
'
_
_
Ozone+air
.
'
Fig. 11. An ozoniser—protein skimmer system in detail
types of protein skimmer in use are shown in Figure 12. In thedirect
current design the efficiency of the oxidation process is dependent
on
the available area of the air—water interface (determined by the
size of bubbles and their quantity) and the longest possible contact
time between the water and the air (maximum distance between
diffuser stone and water surface). The process may tendto oxidise
—
weak acids in freshwater and thus increase the pH value, and may
trace elements from saltwater. Inthe counter current design
the water is made to flow in the opposite direction to thebubble
columns from the diffuser. This results in increased contact time and
—
thus more efficient oxidation.
.
_
__
Both the ozoniser and protein skimmer depend for their efficiency
on a good supply of pumped air, which in a sterile environment should
:
be filtered before use. On the other hand, with the ultraviolet steriliser it is necessary
to pump
the water through it, and so it is usually
used in conjunction with a water pump type of mechanical filter,
oftencalled a power filter. The steriliser contains an'ultraviolet lamp
.
'and the aquarium water is passed through in such a way
that the water
_
,