Ï
TheBiologi‘cälSyst‘ä’ j
37
=
'
greater salt content than the surrounding water, and to maintainan
‘
internal balance they must frequently discharge unwanted
With marine fishes the flow is in the opposite direction.
-
they ‘drink’ and purify large quantities of seawater to maintain'their“
internal balance, and also contihuously excrete large Vohm“esbf
liquid, this does‘not contain much uric acid. For this reason, uri‘c
acidis not present in significant concentrations in marine enViron—
ments, and in fact for practical purposes can be considered absent.
Activated
charcoal filters are… often used in fres‘hwater environ—
_
'
ments to absorh urine.
'
.
«
.
'
-Oxygenation in natural environments is assisted by photosynthesis
_
"
in the higher plants and algae in strong light, and by the Zooxaifitheli
,
‘
lac present in filter feeders. Also, some form of air injection by
_
pumping is usually necessary to provide water movemehtand thus
'
oxygenation is not a problem unless the environment is Overstocked.
,
In nature, marine habitatsare often very rich in oxygen because of
the swirling currents found around coral reefs and the wave activity
"
«
at the surface; thus some marine creatures may be
to
'
oxygen shortage than might be expected. On the other hand, many…
marine organisms are easily damaged by entrapped» air Caused by
sup'ersaturaited- conditions (or by handling out of water)‘
_oxy—…
geùati0n must not be overdone, and a fine balance must be struck.
__
The Biological SÿStcäm
:j—
_
“.
,
…
.
'
”_In the biologically filtered environment, use—' is. made ofthefact
if aerobic conditions exist nitrifying bacteria .populate all
'“
surfaces. N ornially, as detailed in
sectioh, the
inorganic surface area in:any
development of a really good nitfyingpôte‘ntia‘l.
system this problem is over'âome by…us‘ihg.
large total grain sur—face area,
continuously circulatedby aysub-grä—veï
aerobic conditions and
as much of the water
(see Figure 7).
.
-;
_.
'
'
‘
,
The efficiencyof any biolOgical system-depends-on"Viariouscr1ter1a,f;
’
' _
and these will
tum.…The
_
bacteria occur in the ”(Op 3 inches of the
and only
°
a Small «increase in the populationis
than this- It follows,.there£ore, that a bed—:Of this depthwhlchcovers
thèfaWhole-=areàof the container base Will give
of irregular
TheBiologi‘cälSyst‘ä’ j
37
=
'
greater salt content than the surrounding water, and to maintainan
‘
internal balance they must frequently discharge unwanted
With marine fishes the flow is in the opposite direction.
-
they ‘drink’ and purify large quantities of seawater to maintain'their“
internal balance, and also contihuously excrete large Vohm“esbf
liquid, this does‘not contain much uric acid. For this reason, uri‘c
acidis not present in significant concentrations in marine enViron—
ments, and in fact for practical purposes can be considered absent.
Activated
charcoal filters are… often used in fres‘hwater environ—
_
'
ments to absorh urine.
'
.
«
.
'
-Oxygenation in natural environments is assisted by photosynthesis
_
"
in the higher plants and algae in strong light, and by the Zooxaifitheli
,
‘
lac present in filter feeders. Also, some form of air injection by
_
pumping is usually necessary to provide water movemehtand thus
'
oxygenation is not a problem unless the environment is Overstocked.
,
In nature, marine habitatsare often very rich in oxygen because of
the swirling currents found around coral reefs and the wave activity
"
«
at the surface; thus some marine creatures may be
to
'
oxygen shortage than might be expected. On the other hand, many…
marine organisms are easily damaged by entrapped» air Caused by
sup'ersaturaited- conditions (or by handling out of water)‘
_oxy—…
geùati0n must not be overdone, and a fine balance must be struck.
__
The Biological SÿStcäm
:j—
_
“.
,
…
.
'
”_In the biologically filtered environment, use—' is. made ofthefact
if aerobic conditions exist nitrifying bacteria .populate all
'“
surfaces. N ornially, as detailed in
sectioh, the
inorganic surface area in:any
development of a really good nitfyingpôte‘ntia‘l.
system this problem is over'âome by…us‘ihg.
large total grain sur—face area,
continuously circulatedby aysub-grä—veï
aerobic conditions and
as much of the water
(see Figure 7).
.
-;
_.
'
'
‘
,
The efficiencyof any biolOgical system-depends-on"Viariouscr1ter1a,f;
’
' _
and these will
tum.…The
_
bacteria occur in the ”(Op 3 inches of the
and only
°
a Small «increase in the populationis
than this- It follows,.there£ore, that a bed—:Of this depthwhlchcovers
thèfaWhole-=areàof the container base Will give
of irregular