Landeros and Flores-de-santiago (2019); Ayadi et al.
(2016); Wei-Wei and Hsien-Kuo (Chen & Chang,
2009); Annibale et al. (Annibale Guariglia et al.,
2009); Weicheng (2007); Bulent et al. (2004);, ElAsmar& Hereher (El-Asmar & Hereher, 2011);
Xuejie and Damen (2010), Shui-sen Chen et al.
(2005), and Fromard et al. (2004); Cooley and Barber
(Cooley Paul & Barber David, 2003). Rapid-eye has
been used by Duarte et al. (2018).
Some indicative relative studies which have used
medium–resolution data are presented in the next
paragraph.
Cabezas-Rabadán et al. (2019) used Sentinel-2
images to quantify and characterize beach changes
on the Valencian coast (Spanish Mediterranean).
Zifeng et al. (2018) used Sentinel-2 images in order
to try a new automated water index method called
MuWI (Multi-Spectral Water Index). An estimation
in coastal equilibrium made by Weicheng (2007) using
multitemporal Satellite SPOT images. Duarte et al.
(2018) used Rapid-eye imagery to evaluate the morphological changes observed in a beach in Brazil.
Indian high-resolution satellites, such as IRS 1 C/1D
and IRS (Pan) have been used by Mujabar et al. (Sheik
& Chandrasekar, 2013) IRS 1 C/1D; Rasuly et al.
(Aliakbar et al., 2010), 2002 and Nageswara et al.
(Nageswara Rao et al., 2008). Finally, TERRAASTER has been used by Dewi, Ratna (2019); Ratna
and Wietske (Ratna & Bijker, 2019); Hashmi et al.
(Hashmi & Sajid, 2018); Addo et al. (Addo et al.,
2011) and Brock et al. (2001).
Low resolution (>20 m) satellites such as IRS –
LISS-3 has been used by Mitra et al. (2017); Ganasri
and Ramesh (2016); Aedla et al. (Antonello et al.,
2015) and Kumaravel et al. (2013). Earth Observing1 images have been used by Nikolakopoulos et al.
(Konstantinos et al., 2007) for Image classification
procedure using the spectral angle mapper (SAM)
algorithm in order to detect underwater springs in
the Evvoikos Gulf in central Greece.
Landsat series have been used by most of the
researchers such as (Valderrama-ValderramaLanderos & Flores-de-santiago, 2019); Al-Amin
(Hoque et al., 2019; Chao Chen Chao Chen et al.,
2019; Mohammed et al., 2019; Yan et al., 2019;
Yulianto et al., 2019; Ratna, 2019; Ratna & Bijker,
2019; Bera & Maiti, 2019; Karim et al., 2019; Sandeep
et al., 2018; Yawo et al., 2018; Behling et al., 2018; Asib
et al., 2018; Joevivek & Saravanan Sakthivel, 2018;
Hashmi & Sajid, 2018; Do et al., 2018; Zed Abu et al.,
2018; Liu & John, 2018; Ratna et al., 2018; Xu Nan,
2018; Kaliraj et al., 2017; Mitra et al., 2017; Qingxiang
Liu et al., 2017; Ratna et al., 2017; Luca et al., 2017;
Manjulavani et al., 2017; Wenyu & Gong, 2016; Jaime
et al., 2016; Vittal & Akshaya, 2015; Usha et al., 2015;
Salghuna & Aravind Bharathvaj, 2015; George et al.,
2015; Prasita, 2015; Kankara et al., 2015; Antonello et
al., 2015; Arab et al., 2015; Gudina Feyisa et al., 2014;
Sedar et al., 2014; Shenbagaraj et al., 2014; Yanxia Liu
et al., 2013; Joevivek & Saravanan Sakthivel, 2013; Jana
& Bhattacharya, 2013; Luca et al., 2013; Pardo-Pascual
et al., 2012; Bouchahma et al., 2012; El-Asmar &
Hereher, 2011; Tuncay et al., 2011; Kawakubo et al.,
2011; Addo et al., 2011; Bu-Li Cui; Bu-Li & Xiao-Yan,
2011; Aliakbar et al., 2010; Xuejie & Damen, 2010;
Sharma & Acharya, 2010; LGEd & Elbeih, 2010;
Annibale Guariglia et al., 2009; Aris et al., 2008; Adel
& Ryutaro, 2007; Thampanya et al., 2006;
Vanderstraete Tony et al., 2006; Shui-sen Chen et al.,
2005; Alfredo et al., 2005; Shaghude et al., 2003; Brock
et al., 2001).
Studies that emphasized in multitemporal shoreline
evolution used all the Landsat series MSS, TM, ETM
and OLI. For instance, Landsat images have been used
by Fajar et al. (Yulianto et al., 2019) to perform coastal
landform mapping, as well as a recording of multitemporal progress in coastal formation for twenty
years in Pekalongan, Indonesia. Esmail et al.
(Mohammed et al., 2019) used Landsat 5 and 7 images
to assess the evolution of shoreline due to the seawall
structures existed from a period of 1990 to 2015 in
Damietta coast, Egypt. Landsat images have been used
by Salghuna and Bharathvaj (Salghuna & Aravind
Bharathvaj, 2015) for monitoring the shoreline
changes in the Northern part of the Coromandel
coast, India. Landsat images have been used by Arab
et al. (2015) to estimate the shoreline movement on a
delta coast in Tunisia.
Except of the exclusive usage of the Landsat images
in multitemporal shoreline evolution studies there were
researchers that combined Landsat with other satellite
or aerial imagery. It is characteristic that most researchers used a combination of all the types of satellite images
that were available, most of them which were free
downloaded. Landsat TM, ETM+ and ASTER images
have been combined by Addo et al. (2011) for an
analysis of shoreline evolution in Ghana. Moreover,
Landsat TM, ETM+ combined with IRS-P5 (Cartosat1) and IRS-P6 (LISS-III & LISSIV) satellite images by
Kankara et al. (2015) for monitoring and evaluation
multitemporal shoreline changes in a coast in East
India, for 22 years (1990–2012). Landsat MSS/Landsat
ETM in conjunction with IKONOS images have been
used by Marfai et al. (Aris et al., 2008) for the shoreline
mapping and coastal dynamic assessment in a coastal
area of Semarang, Indonesia. A combination of SPOTPX/XS, Landsat TM and Corona satellite imagery with
aerial data have been made by Annibale et al. (Annibale
Guariglia et al., 2009) to map the coastline evolution in
Basilicata Region, Southern Italy. Landsat MSS, TM and
ETM+ images and a SPOT scene, topographical and
nautical data have been used by Xuejie and Damen
(2010) to study and analyze the shoreline changes of
the Pearl River, China.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
245
(2016); Wei-Wei and Hsien-Kuo (Chen & Chang,
2009); Annibale et al. (Annibale Guariglia et al.,
2009); Weicheng (2007); Bulent et al. (2004);, ElAsmar& Hereher (El-Asmar & Hereher, 2011);
Xuejie and Damen (2010), Shui-sen Chen et al.
(2005), and Fromard et al. (2004); Cooley and Barber
(Cooley Paul & Barber David, 2003). Rapid-eye has
been used by Duarte et al. (2018).
Some indicative relative studies which have used
medium–resolution data are presented in the next
paragraph.
Cabezas-Rabadán et al. (2019) used Sentinel-2
images to quantify and characterize beach changes
on the Valencian coast (Spanish Mediterranean).
Zifeng et al. (2018) used Sentinel-2 images in order
to try a new automated water index method called
MuWI (Multi-Spectral Water Index). An estimation
in coastal equilibrium made by Weicheng (2007) using
multitemporal Satellite SPOT images. Duarte et al.
(2018) used Rapid-eye imagery to evaluate the morphological changes observed in a beach in Brazil.
Indian high-resolution satellites, such as IRS 1 C/1D
and IRS (Pan) have been used by Mujabar et al. (Sheik
& Chandrasekar, 2013) IRS 1 C/1D; Rasuly et al.
(Aliakbar et al., 2010), 2002 and Nageswara et al.
(Nageswara Rao et al., 2008). Finally, TERRAASTER has been used by Dewi, Ratna (2019); Ratna
and Wietske (Ratna & Bijker, 2019); Hashmi et al.
(Hashmi & Sajid, 2018); Addo et al. (Addo et al.,
2011) and Brock et al. (2001).
Low resolution (>20 m) satellites such as IRS –
LISS-3 has been used by Mitra et al. (2017); Ganasri
and Ramesh (2016); Aedla et al. (Antonello et al.,
2015) and Kumaravel et al. (2013). Earth Observing1 images have been used by Nikolakopoulos et al.
(Konstantinos et al., 2007) for Image classification
procedure using the spectral angle mapper (SAM)
algorithm in order to detect underwater springs in
the Evvoikos Gulf in central Greece.
Landsat series have been used by most of the
researchers such as (Valderrama-ValderramaLanderos & Flores-de-santiago, 2019); Al-Amin
(Hoque et al., 2019; Chao Chen Chao Chen et al.,
2019; Mohammed et al., 2019; Yan et al., 2019;
Yulianto et al., 2019; Ratna, 2019; Ratna & Bijker,
2019; Bera & Maiti, 2019; Karim et al., 2019; Sandeep
et al., 2018; Yawo et al., 2018; Behling et al., 2018; Asib
et al., 2018; Joevivek & Saravanan Sakthivel, 2018;
Hashmi & Sajid, 2018; Do et al., 2018; Zed Abu et al.,
2018; Liu & John, 2018; Ratna et al., 2018; Xu Nan,
2018; Kaliraj et al., 2017; Mitra et al., 2017; Qingxiang
Liu et al., 2017; Ratna et al., 2017; Luca et al., 2017;
Manjulavani et al., 2017; Wenyu & Gong, 2016; Jaime
et al., 2016; Vittal & Akshaya, 2015; Usha et al., 2015;
Salghuna & Aravind Bharathvaj, 2015; George et al.,
2015; Prasita, 2015; Kankara et al., 2015; Antonello et
al., 2015; Arab et al., 2015; Gudina Feyisa et al., 2014;
Sedar et al., 2014; Shenbagaraj et al., 2014; Yanxia Liu
et al., 2013; Joevivek & Saravanan Sakthivel, 2013; Jana
& Bhattacharya, 2013; Luca et al., 2013; Pardo-Pascual
et al., 2012; Bouchahma et al., 2012; El-Asmar &
Hereher, 2011; Tuncay et al., 2011; Kawakubo et al.,
2011; Addo et al., 2011; Bu-Li Cui; Bu-Li & Xiao-Yan,
2011; Aliakbar et al., 2010; Xuejie & Damen, 2010;
Sharma & Acharya, 2010; LGEd & Elbeih, 2010;
Annibale Guariglia et al., 2009; Aris et al., 2008; Adel
& Ryutaro, 2007; Thampanya et al., 2006;
Vanderstraete Tony et al., 2006; Shui-sen Chen et al.,
2005; Alfredo et al., 2005; Shaghude et al., 2003; Brock
et al., 2001).
Studies that emphasized in multitemporal shoreline
evolution used all the Landsat series MSS, TM, ETM
and OLI. For instance, Landsat images have been used
by Fajar et al. (Yulianto et al., 2019) to perform coastal
landform mapping, as well as a recording of multitemporal progress in coastal formation for twenty
years in Pekalongan, Indonesia. Esmail et al.
(Mohammed et al., 2019) used Landsat 5 and 7 images
to assess the evolution of shoreline due to the seawall
structures existed from a period of 1990 to 2015 in
Damietta coast, Egypt. Landsat images have been used
by Salghuna and Bharathvaj (Salghuna & Aravind
Bharathvaj, 2015) for monitoring the shoreline
changes in the Northern part of the Coromandel
coast, India. Landsat images have been used by Arab
et al. (2015) to estimate the shoreline movement on a
delta coast in Tunisia.
Except of the exclusive usage of the Landsat images
in multitemporal shoreline evolution studies there were
researchers that combined Landsat with other satellite
or aerial imagery. It is characteristic that most researchers used a combination of all the types of satellite images
that were available, most of them which were free
downloaded. Landsat TM, ETM+ and ASTER images
have been combined by Addo et al. (2011) for an
analysis of shoreline evolution in Ghana. Moreover,
Landsat TM, ETM+ combined with IRS-P5 (Cartosat1) and IRS-P6 (LISS-III & LISSIV) satellite images by
Kankara et al. (2015) for monitoring and evaluation
multitemporal shoreline changes in a coast in East
India, for 22 years (1990–2012). Landsat MSS/Landsat
ETM in conjunction with IKONOS images have been
used by Marfai et al. (Aris et al., 2008) for the shoreline
mapping and coastal dynamic assessment in a coastal
area of Semarang, Indonesia. A combination of SPOTPX/XS, Landsat TM and Corona satellite imagery with
aerial data have been made by Annibale et al. (Annibale
Guariglia et al., 2009) to map the coastline evolution in
Basilicata Region, Southern Italy. Landsat MSS, TM and
ETM+ images and a SPOT scene, topographical and
nautical data have been used by Xuejie and Damen
(2010) to study and analyze the shoreline changes of
the Pearl River, China.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
245