unmanned aerial systems. Environmental Modelling &
Software. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814689977_0172
Paul, G., Yong, W., & Stephen, W. (2006). Using LIDAR to
monitor a beach nourishment project at Wrightsville
Beach, North Carolina, USA. Journal of COASTAL
Research - J COASTAL RES, 225, 1206–1219. https://doi.
org/10.2112/06A-0003.1
Pauline, L., Marion, J., Philippe, G., Jerome, A., Stephane,
C., Olivier, M., Robert, D., Le Dantec, N., & Christophe,
D. (2018). Examining high-resolution survey methods for
monitoring cliff erosion at an operational scale. GIScience
& Remote Sensing, 55(4), 457–476. https://doi.org/10.
1080/15481603.2017.1408931
Peter, R., & Kaminsky George, G. G. (2003). Linking proxybased and datum-based shorelines on a high-energy coastline: Implications for shoreline change analyses. Journal of
Coastal Research, 38, 57–82. https://www.researchgate.net/
publication/279696589_Linking_Proxy-Based_and_
Datum-Based_Shorelines_on_a_High-Energy_Coastline_
Implications_for_Shoreline_Change_Analyses
Pradhan, B. (2009). Flood susceptible mapping and risk area
estimation using logistic regression. GIS and Remote
Sensing. Journal of Spatial Hydrology, 9(2), 1–18. https://
www.researchgate.net/publication/230875021_Flood_sus
ceptible_mapping_and_risk_area_delineation_using_
logistic_regression_GIS_and_remote_sensing
Pradhan, B., & Shafie, M. (2009). Flood hazard assessment
for cloud prone rainy areas in a typical tropical environment. Disaster Advances, 2(2), 7–15. https://www.
researchgate.net/publication/230875005_Flood_Hazrad_
Assessment_for_Cloud_Prone_Rainy_Areas_in_a_
Typical_Tropical_Environment
Prasad, D. H., & Kumar, N. D. (2014). Coastal erosion
studies—A review. International Journal of Geosciences,
5(3), 341–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2014.53033
Prasita, V. D. (2015). Determination of Shoreline Changes from
2002 to 2014 in the mangrove conservation areas of pamurbaya using GIS. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 14,
25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.081
Psomiadis, E., Parcharidis, I., Poulos, S., Stamatis, G., Migiros,
G., & Pavlopoulos, A. (2005). Earth observation data in
seasonal and long term coastline changes monitoring the
case of Sperchios river delta (central Greece). Zeitschrift Fur
Geomorphologie, Supplementband, 137, 159–175. https://
www.researchgate.net/publication/234053874_Earth_obser
vation_data_in_seasonal_and_long_term_coastline_
changes_monitoring_the_case_of_Sperchios_river_delta_
central_Greece
Raju, A., Dwarakish, G. S., & Venkat, R. D. (2015). Automatic
shoreline detection and change detection analysis of netravati-gurpurrivermouth using histogram equalization and
adaptive thresholding techniques. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 563–
570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.073
Ratna, D. (2019) Monitoring long-term shoreline changes
along the coast of Semarang. IOP Conference Series: Earth
and Environmental Science. 284. 012035. Bogor, Indonesia.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755–1315/284/1/012035
Ratna, D., & Bijker, W. (2019). Dynamics of shoreline changes
in the coastal region of Sayung, Indonesia. The Egyptian
Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science. 23(2):181–
193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2019.09.00110.1016/j.ejrs.
2019.09.001
Ratna, D., Bijker, W., & Alfred, S. (2017). Change vector analysis to monitor the changes in fuzzy shorelines. Remote
Sensing, 9(2), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9020147
Ratna, D., Bijker, W., Alfred, S., & Aris, M. M. (2018).
Transferability and upscaling of fuzzy classification for
shoreline change over 30 years. Remote Sensing, 10
(9):1377. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091377
Robertson, W., Dean, W., Keqi, Z., & Stephen, L. (2004).
Mapping shoreline position using airborne laser altimetry. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal
Research, 20(3), 884–892. https://doi.org/10.2112/15515036(2004)20[884:MSPUAL]2.0.CO;2
Rouse, J. W., Haas, R. H., Scheel, J. A., & Deering, D. W.
(1974) ‘Monitoring vegetation systems in the great plains
with ERTS.’ Proceedings, 3rd Earth Resource Technology
Satellite (ERTS) Symposium, 1, 48–62. Washington, D.
C. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/
19740022592.pdf
Saci, K., Makhlouf, B., Mostefa, G., Said, G. M., & Dalila, K.
(2016). Detection and analysis of shoreline changes using
geospatial tools and automatic computation: Case of jijelian
sandy coast (East Algeria). Ocean & Coastal Management,
132, 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.08.
010
Saeed, M. A., & Fatima, A.-M. (2016). Coastline extraction
using satellite imagery and image processing techniques.
International Journal of Current Engineering and
Technology, 6(4). https://www.researchgate.net/publica
tion/305656580_Coastline_Extraction_using_Satellite_
Imagery_and_Image_Processing_Techniques
Sakthivel, S., Chandrasekar, N., Rajamanickam, M. D., &
Conchalish Hentry, J. V. (2014). Management of coastal
erosion using remote sensing and GIS techniques (SE
India). International Journal of Ocean and Climate
Systems, 5(4), 623–630. https://doi.org/10.1260/17593131.5.4.211
Salghuna, N. N., & Aravind Bharathvaj, S. (2015). Shoreline
change analysis for northern part of the coromandel
coast. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 317–324. Volume. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.043
Sandeep, T., Dey, D., Papita, D., Phani, G., & De, T. Κ.
(2018). Shoreline change detection using remote sensing
in the Bakkhali Coastal Region, West Bengal, India.
Indian Journal of Geosciences, 71(4), 611–626. https://
www.researchgate.net/publication/326774736_
Shoreline_Change_Detection_Using_Remote_Sensing_
in_the_Bakkhali_Coastal_Region_West_Bengal_India
Schwarzer, K., Diesing, M., Larson, M., Niedermeyer, O.,
Schumacher, R., & Furmanczyk K, W. (2003). Coastline
evolution at different time scales – Examples from the
pomeranian bight, southern Baltic Sea. Marine Geology,
194(1–2), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)
00700-4
Sedar, G., Hakan, K., Dursun, S., İsmail, Ö., Murat, O., &
Berna, A. (2014). Temporal analysis of coastal erosion in
Turkey: A case study Karasu coastal region. Journal of
Coastal Conservation, 18(4), 399–414. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11852-014-0325-0
Senevirathna, E. M. T. K., Edirisooriya, K. V. D.,
Uluwaduge, S. P., & Wijerathna, K. B. C. A. (2018).
Analysis of causes and effects of coastal erosion and
environmental degradation in Southern Coastal Belt of
Sri Lanka special reference to unawatuna coastal area.
Procedia Engineering, 212, 1010–1017. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.130
Shaghude, Y. W., Wannäs, K. O., & Lundén Wannäs, L. B.
(2003). Assessment of shoreline changes in the western
side of Zanzibar channel using satellite remote sensing.
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(23), 4953–
4967. https://doi.org/10.1080/0143116031000102430
Sheik, M., & Chandrasekar, P. N. (2013). Coastal erosion
hazard and vulnerability assessment for southern coastal
264
D. APOSTOLOPOULOS AND K. NIKOLAKOPOULOS
Software. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814689977_0172
Paul, G., Yong, W., & Stephen, W. (2006). Using LIDAR to
monitor a beach nourishment project at Wrightsville
Beach, North Carolina, USA. Journal of COASTAL
Research - J COASTAL RES, 225, 1206–1219. https://doi.
org/10.2112/06A-0003.1
Pauline, L., Marion, J., Philippe, G., Jerome, A., Stephane,
C., Olivier, M., Robert, D., Le Dantec, N., & Christophe,
D. (2018). Examining high-resolution survey methods for
monitoring cliff erosion at an operational scale. GIScience
& Remote Sensing, 55(4), 457–476. https://doi.org/10.
1080/15481603.2017.1408931
Peter, R., & Kaminsky George, G. G. (2003). Linking proxybased and datum-based shorelines on a high-energy coastline: Implications for shoreline change analyses. Journal of
Coastal Research, 38, 57–82. https://www.researchgate.net/
publication/279696589_Linking_Proxy-Based_and_
Datum-Based_Shorelines_on_a_High-Energy_Coastline_
Implications_for_Shoreline_Change_Analyses
Pradhan, B. (2009). Flood susceptible mapping and risk area
estimation using logistic regression. GIS and Remote
Sensing. Journal of Spatial Hydrology, 9(2), 1–18. https://
www.researchgate.net/publication/230875021_Flood_sus
ceptible_mapping_and_risk_area_delineation_using_
logistic_regression_GIS_and_remote_sensing
Pradhan, B., & Shafie, M. (2009). Flood hazard assessment
for cloud prone rainy areas in a typical tropical environment. Disaster Advances, 2(2), 7–15. https://www.
researchgate.net/publication/230875005_Flood_Hazrad_
Assessment_for_Cloud_Prone_Rainy_Areas_in_a_
Typical_Tropical_Environment
Prasad, D. H., & Kumar, N. D. (2014). Coastal erosion
studies—A review. International Journal of Geosciences,
5(3), 341–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2014.53033
Prasita, V. D. (2015). Determination of Shoreline Changes from
2002 to 2014 in the mangrove conservation areas of pamurbaya using GIS. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 14,
25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.081
Psomiadis, E., Parcharidis, I., Poulos, S., Stamatis, G., Migiros,
G., & Pavlopoulos, A. (2005). Earth observation data in
seasonal and long term coastline changes monitoring the
case of Sperchios river delta (central Greece). Zeitschrift Fur
Geomorphologie, Supplementband, 137, 159–175. https://
www.researchgate.net/publication/234053874_Earth_obser
vation_data_in_seasonal_and_long_term_coastline_
changes_monitoring_the_case_of_Sperchios_river_delta_
central_Greece
Raju, A., Dwarakish, G. S., & Venkat, R. D. (2015). Automatic
shoreline detection and change detection analysis of netravati-gurpurrivermouth using histogram equalization and
adaptive thresholding techniques. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 563–
570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.073
Ratna, D. (2019) Monitoring long-term shoreline changes
along the coast of Semarang. IOP Conference Series: Earth
and Environmental Science. 284. 012035. Bogor, Indonesia.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755–1315/284/1/012035
Ratna, D., & Bijker, W. (2019). Dynamics of shoreline changes
in the coastal region of Sayung, Indonesia. The Egyptian
Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science. 23(2):181–
193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2019.09.00110.1016/j.ejrs.
2019.09.001
Ratna, D., Bijker, W., & Alfred, S. (2017). Change vector analysis to monitor the changes in fuzzy shorelines. Remote
Sensing, 9(2), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9020147
Ratna, D., Bijker, W., Alfred, S., & Aris, M. M. (2018).
Transferability and upscaling of fuzzy classification for
shoreline change over 30 years. Remote Sensing, 10
(9):1377. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091377
Robertson, W., Dean, W., Keqi, Z., & Stephen, L. (2004).
Mapping shoreline position using airborne laser altimetry. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal
Research, 20(3), 884–892. https://doi.org/10.2112/15515036(2004)20[884:MSPUAL]2.0.CO;2
Rouse, J. W., Haas, R. H., Scheel, J. A., & Deering, D. W.
(1974) ‘Monitoring vegetation systems in the great plains
with ERTS.’ Proceedings, 3rd Earth Resource Technology
Satellite (ERTS) Symposium, 1, 48–62. Washington, D.
C. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/
19740022592.pdf
Saci, K., Makhlouf, B., Mostefa, G., Said, G. M., & Dalila, K.
(2016). Detection and analysis of shoreline changes using
geospatial tools and automatic computation: Case of jijelian
sandy coast (East Algeria). Ocean & Coastal Management,
132, 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.08.
010
Saeed, M. A., & Fatima, A.-M. (2016). Coastline extraction
using satellite imagery and image processing techniques.
International Journal of Current Engineering and
Technology, 6(4). https://www.researchgate.net/publica
tion/305656580_Coastline_Extraction_using_Satellite_
Imagery_and_Image_Processing_Techniques
Sakthivel, S., Chandrasekar, N., Rajamanickam, M. D., &
Conchalish Hentry, J. V. (2014). Management of coastal
erosion using remote sensing and GIS techniques (SE
India). International Journal of Ocean and Climate
Systems, 5(4), 623–630. https://doi.org/10.1260/17593131.5.4.211
Salghuna, N. N., & Aravind Bharathvaj, S. (2015). Shoreline
change analysis for northern part of the coromandel
coast. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 317–324. Volume. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.043
Sandeep, T., Dey, D., Papita, D., Phani, G., & De, T. Κ.
(2018). Shoreline change detection using remote sensing
in the Bakkhali Coastal Region, West Bengal, India.
Indian Journal of Geosciences, 71(4), 611–626. https://
www.researchgate.net/publication/326774736_
Shoreline_Change_Detection_Using_Remote_Sensing_
in_the_Bakkhali_Coastal_Region_West_Bengal_India
Schwarzer, K., Diesing, M., Larson, M., Niedermeyer, O.,
Schumacher, R., & Furmanczyk K, W. (2003). Coastline
evolution at different time scales – Examples from the
pomeranian bight, southern Baltic Sea. Marine Geology,
194(1–2), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)
00700-4
Sedar, G., Hakan, K., Dursun, S., İsmail, Ö., Murat, O., &
Berna, A. (2014). Temporal analysis of coastal erosion in
Turkey: A case study Karasu coastal region. Journal of
Coastal Conservation, 18(4), 399–414. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11852-014-0325-0
Senevirathna, E. M. T. K., Edirisooriya, K. V. D.,
Uluwaduge, S. P., & Wijerathna, K. B. C. A. (2018).
Analysis of causes and effects of coastal erosion and
environmental degradation in Southern Coastal Belt of
Sri Lanka special reference to unawatuna coastal area.
Procedia Engineering, 212, 1010–1017. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.130
Shaghude, Y. W., Wannäs, K. O., & Lundén Wannäs, L. B.
(2003). Assessment of shoreline changes in the western
side of Zanzibar channel using satellite remote sensing.
International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(23), 4953–
4967. https://doi.org/10.1080/0143116031000102430
Sheik, M., & Chandrasekar, P. N. (2013). Coastal erosion
hazard and vulnerability assessment for southern coastal
264
D. APOSTOLOPOULOS AND K. NIKOLAKOPOULOS