(2013). Adobe Photoshop Lightroom has been used
by Marcaccio et al. (James et al., 2015). SNAP
(Sentinel Application Platform) has been used by
Konko et al. (Yawo et al., 2018). WXTide32 has been
used by Majed et al. (Bouchahma et al., 2012).
SHOREX tool has been used by Cabezas-Rabadán et
al. (Cabezas-Rabadán et al., 2019). PCI Geomalties
Inc has been used by Fletcher et al. (2003). DORIS
has been used by Vandebroek et al. (2017). SPINUA
has been used by Bruno et al. (Francesca et al., 2016).
GEOBIA has been used by Papakonstantinou et al.
(Papakonstantinou et al., 2016). MATLAB has been
used by Valentini et al. (2017); Turner et al. (2016) and
Aiello et al. (2015). The software for UAV’s were
categorized separately as they are a modern research
tools. So, Mission Planner has been used by
(Papakonstantinou et al., 2016). Pix4d has been used
by
Nikolakopoulos et al. (Nikolakopoulos
Konstantinos & George, 2017). Postflight Terra LT
and eMotion-2 have been used by Chikhradze et al.
(2015).
Erosion/accretion methods and algorithms
Many researchers have dealt with the use of various
models and algorithms to calculate erosion/accretion
numerically and in addition comparing results tried to
estimate the future coastal behavior. RUSLE model
has been used by Ganasri and Ramesh (2016), while
RUSLE and UPSED models have been used by Aiello
et al. (Antonello et al., 2015). Volumetric Changes in
beaches’ sand studied by Horacio et al. (Jesús et al.,
2019); Kaliraj et al. (2017); Sakthivel et al. (2014);
Gares et al. (Gares Paul et al., 2006). CVI (coastal
vulnerability index) is another significant feature that
researchers used (Hoque et al., 2019; Jana &
Bhattacharya, 2013; Joevivek & Saravanan Sakthivel,
2013; Mujabar & Chandrasekar, 2013; Nageswara Rao
et al., 2008; Ratna et al., 2018). Tracer stick method
has been used by Schwarzer et al. (2003). Beach width
(BW) has been used by Cabezas-Rabadán et al. (2019)
while AEHR (Annual Erosion Hazard Rate) has been
used by Fletcher et al. (Charles et al., 2003).
Methods
Meta-analysis
We gathered hundreds of published articles that
reported methods of shoreline monitoring and proposed indices and methodologies. This broad spectrum of studies included a variety of data such as
aerial photos, different sensor types, GPS and toposheets, satellite, UAV’s and radar images. For each
article, we registered the high spot of the study and
the index that being used for monitoring the shoreline position determination. Finally, all the collected features were sorted and classified in a
Microsoft Excel Sheet and statistical charts were
created to make it easier to draw relevant conclusions (figure 2).
Furthermore, this meta-analysis targets to highlight
both, some shortcomings in the literature and the good
practices that have mainly been used regarding the
subject.
Year of publication
More than seventy percent (70%) of the studies were
published during 2013–2019 (figure 3). This can be
directly combined with the fact that researchers over
the last decade had the ability to use instruments and
data for their studies with improved accuracy (i.e.
GNSS techniques, GPS and satellites with 0.01 m
and 0.5 m spatial resolution, respectively).
Furthermore, from figure 3 we can realize that there
has been a strong upward trend in the study of the
Figure 2. Flow chart of methodology used to get to meta-analysis review paper.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
251
by Marcaccio et al. (James et al., 2015). SNAP
(Sentinel Application Platform) has been used by
Konko et al. (Yawo et al., 2018). WXTide32 has been
used by Majed et al. (Bouchahma et al., 2012).
SHOREX tool has been used by Cabezas-Rabadán et
al. (Cabezas-Rabadán et al., 2019). PCI Geomalties
Inc has been used by Fletcher et al. (2003). DORIS
has been used by Vandebroek et al. (2017). SPINUA
has been used by Bruno et al. (Francesca et al., 2016).
GEOBIA has been used by Papakonstantinou et al.
(Papakonstantinou et al., 2016). MATLAB has been
used by Valentini et al. (2017); Turner et al. (2016) and
Aiello et al. (2015). The software for UAV’s were
categorized separately as they are a modern research
tools. So, Mission Planner has been used by
(Papakonstantinou et al., 2016). Pix4d has been used
by
Nikolakopoulos et al. (Nikolakopoulos
Konstantinos & George, 2017). Postflight Terra LT
and eMotion-2 have been used by Chikhradze et al.
(2015).
Erosion/accretion methods and algorithms
Many researchers have dealt with the use of various
models and algorithms to calculate erosion/accretion
numerically and in addition comparing results tried to
estimate the future coastal behavior. RUSLE model
has been used by Ganasri and Ramesh (2016), while
RUSLE and UPSED models have been used by Aiello
et al. (Antonello et al., 2015). Volumetric Changes in
beaches’ sand studied by Horacio et al. (Jesús et al.,
2019); Kaliraj et al. (2017); Sakthivel et al. (2014);
Gares et al. (Gares Paul et al., 2006). CVI (coastal
vulnerability index) is another significant feature that
researchers used (Hoque et al., 2019; Jana &
Bhattacharya, 2013; Joevivek & Saravanan Sakthivel,
2013; Mujabar & Chandrasekar, 2013; Nageswara Rao
et al., 2008; Ratna et al., 2018). Tracer stick method
has been used by Schwarzer et al. (2003). Beach width
(BW) has been used by Cabezas-Rabadán et al. (2019)
while AEHR (Annual Erosion Hazard Rate) has been
used by Fletcher et al. (Charles et al., 2003).
Methods
Meta-analysis
We gathered hundreds of published articles that
reported methods of shoreline monitoring and proposed indices and methodologies. This broad spectrum of studies included a variety of data such as
aerial photos, different sensor types, GPS and toposheets, satellite, UAV’s and radar images. For each
article, we registered the high spot of the study and
the index that being used for monitoring the shoreline position determination. Finally, all the collected features were sorted and classified in a
Microsoft Excel Sheet and statistical charts were
created to make it easier to draw relevant conclusions (figure 2).
Furthermore, this meta-analysis targets to highlight
both, some shortcomings in the literature and the good
practices that have mainly been used regarding the
subject.
Year of publication
More than seventy percent (70%) of the studies were
published during 2013–2019 (figure 3). This can be
directly combined with the fact that researchers over
the last decade had the ability to use instruments and
data for their studies with improved accuracy (i.e.
GNSS techniques, GPS and satellites with 0.01 m
and 0.5 m spatial resolution, respectively).
Furthermore, from figure 3 we can realize that there
has been a strong upward trend in the study of the
Figure 2. Flow chart of methodology used to get to meta-analysis review paper.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
251