1.2. BRIEF HISTORY OF HYDRAULIC MODELING
5
Table 1.1: Historical Milestones in Hydraulic Modeling
1500 — Da Vinci used models to observe flow characteristics
1687 — Newton formulated the rule of corresponding velocities
1752 — Smeaton conducted scale-model water wheel experiments
1852 — Reech formulated hydraulic scaling criterion
1870 — Froude conducted ship towing experiments
1875 — Fargue conducted first movable-bed model of a river section
1885 — Reynolds conducted movable-bed model of River Mersey
1887 — First U.S. hydraulic laboratory founded at Lehigh University
1898 — Establishment of German movable-bed modeling facility
1914 — Franzius-Institut founded in Germany
1918 — University of Iowa Hydraulic Laboratory founded in the U.S.
1920 — Dimensional analysis was born
1927 — Delft Hydraulics Laboratory founded in The Netherlands
1929 — Waterways Experiment Station founded in the U.S.
1932 — Beach Erosion Board began laboratory research in the U.S.
1945 — National Research Council Hydraulics Lab. founded in Canada
1946 — Port and Harbor Research Institute founded in Japan
1946 — Laboratoire National D’Hydraulique founded in France
1947 — Hydraulic Research Station founded in England
1963 — Coastal Engineering Research Center succeeds BEB in the U.S.
1964 — Danish Hydraulic Institute founded in Denmark
century with the birth of dimensional analysis. This gave the ability to
determine invariant dimensionless parameter groups when many variables
of the process needed to be considered (Ivicsics 1980).
From the beginning of the 20th century until recent times, establishment
and operation of hydraulic modeling facilities has flourished worldwide. In
the United States, many universities maintained hydraulic laboratories to
support teaching and research. Among the more notable, the hydraulic
laboratory at the University of Iowa was founded in 1918.
In 1914, the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering was founded in Hannover, Germany. This laboratory was later renamed the Franzius-Institut
in 1936 in honor of its founder.
The Delft Hydraulics Laboratory was founded in 1927. One of the
primary missions of the laboratory has been to assist the Netherlands in
providing adequate protection for low-lying land from the threat of coastal
flooding.
5
Table 1.1: Historical Milestones in Hydraulic Modeling
1500 — Da Vinci used models to observe flow characteristics
1687 — Newton formulated the rule of corresponding velocities
1752 — Smeaton conducted scale-model water wheel experiments
1852 — Reech formulated hydraulic scaling criterion
1870 — Froude conducted ship towing experiments
1875 — Fargue conducted first movable-bed model of a river section
1885 — Reynolds conducted movable-bed model of River Mersey
1887 — First U.S. hydraulic laboratory founded at Lehigh University
1898 — Establishment of German movable-bed modeling facility
1914 — Franzius-Institut founded in Germany
1918 — University of Iowa Hydraulic Laboratory founded in the U.S.
1920 — Dimensional analysis was born
1927 — Delft Hydraulics Laboratory founded in The Netherlands
1929 — Waterways Experiment Station founded in the U.S.
1932 — Beach Erosion Board began laboratory research in the U.S.
1945 — National Research Council Hydraulics Lab. founded in Canada
1946 — Port and Harbor Research Institute founded in Japan
1946 — Laboratoire National D’Hydraulique founded in France
1947 — Hydraulic Research Station founded in England
1963 — Coastal Engineering Research Center succeeds BEB in the U.S.
1964 — Danish Hydraulic Institute founded in Denmark
century with the birth of dimensional analysis. This gave the ability to
determine invariant dimensionless parameter groups when many variables
of the process needed to be considered (Ivicsics 1980).
From the beginning of the 20th century until recent times, establishment
and operation of hydraulic modeling facilities has flourished worldwide. In
the United States, many universities maintained hydraulic laboratories to
support teaching and research. Among the more notable, the hydraulic
laboratory at the University of Iowa was founded in 1918.
In 1914, the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering was founded in Hannover, Germany. This laboratory was later renamed the Franzius-Institut
in 1936 in honor of its founder.
The Delft Hydraulics Laboratory was founded in 1927. One of the
primary missions of the laboratory has been to assist the Netherlands in
providing adequate protection for low-lying land from the threat of coastal
flooding.