12
Coastal Engineering: Theory and Practice
0.8 x 106 m3/annum posing severe érosion problems. Along the west coast,
the maritime state of Kérala is noted for its backwaters, development of a
number of fishing harbours is exposed to both cross-shore as well a alongshore sédiment transport. These were also the only two Coastal States of
the Indian peninsula that was severely affected by the great Indian Océan
tsunami of 2004 and hence, the authors involved in most of the studies
duing the post tsunami period share their expériences on the Coastal engineering practices applied to these two maritime States, for which a brief
introduction is provided in the next two sections.
1.3.2 Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu situated on the south-east of Peninsular India has a land area
of nearly 130,000 km2 and a coastline of nearly 950 km. The latitude and
longitude of ail the locations mentioned herein are provided in the location
map of Tamil Nadu as shown in Fig. 1.8. A major portion of this coastline, nearly 900 km, which starts from Pulicat in the North and extends
up to Kanyakumari in the south, lies on the east bordering the Bay of
Bengal. On the western side bordering the Arabian Sea, the coastline is
about 40 km between Kanyakumari and Erayumanthurai. Estuaries of ecological importance, major and minor ports, fishing harbours, monuments of
international héritage, tourist locations, pilgrimage centres, etc., are located
along the coastline of Tamil Nadu. Considérable length of Tamil Nadu coast
is exposed to érosion and accretion. For instance, nearly 6 km of coast north
of Chennai harbour in Royapuram is getting eroded continuously since the
development of the Chennai harbour formed by a pair of breakwaters and
nearly about 484,000 m2 of Coastal area is believed to hâve eroded along
this coast over two décades. It is also a fact that about 225,000 m2 of sand
has deposited resulting in the advancement of the marina beach towards the
sea. The érosion of beaches due to long shore transport has been observed
from Pulicat up to Cuddalore. From Poompuhar to Nagapattinam the effect
of onshore-offshore movement during cyclone is seen apart from that due
to littoral drift. The beaches along the Arabian Sea erode during south
west monsoon months and subsequently recover during the non-monsoon
months.
The entire coast of Tamil Nadu consists of alluvium and beach sands
overlying sedimentary formation such as latérite, limestones, clay, and
stones etc. The nature of the Coastal belt is as detailed in Table 1.2. The
geomorphological features of the Coastal régions of Tamil Nadu, extending
from Pulicat on the eastern coast to Erayumanthurai on the western coast,
Coastal Engineering: Theory and Practice
0.8 x 106 m3/annum posing severe érosion problems. Along the west coast,
the maritime state of Kérala is noted for its backwaters, development of a
number of fishing harbours is exposed to both cross-shore as well a alongshore sédiment transport. These were also the only two Coastal States of
the Indian peninsula that was severely affected by the great Indian Océan
tsunami of 2004 and hence, the authors involved in most of the studies
duing the post tsunami period share their expériences on the Coastal engineering practices applied to these two maritime States, for which a brief
introduction is provided in the next two sections.
1.3.2 Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu situated on the south-east of Peninsular India has a land area
of nearly 130,000 km2 and a coastline of nearly 950 km. The latitude and
longitude of ail the locations mentioned herein are provided in the location
map of Tamil Nadu as shown in Fig. 1.8. A major portion of this coastline, nearly 900 km, which starts from Pulicat in the North and extends
up to Kanyakumari in the south, lies on the east bordering the Bay of
Bengal. On the western side bordering the Arabian Sea, the coastline is
about 40 km between Kanyakumari and Erayumanthurai. Estuaries of ecological importance, major and minor ports, fishing harbours, monuments of
international héritage, tourist locations, pilgrimage centres, etc., are located
along the coastline of Tamil Nadu. Considérable length of Tamil Nadu coast
is exposed to érosion and accretion. For instance, nearly 6 km of coast north
of Chennai harbour in Royapuram is getting eroded continuously since the
development of the Chennai harbour formed by a pair of breakwaters and
nearly about 484,000 m2 of Coastal area is believed to hâve eroded along
this coast over two décades. It is also a fact that about 225,000 m2 of sand
has deposited resulting in the advancement of the marina beach towards the
sea. The érosion of beaches due to long shore transport has been observed
from Pulicat up to Cuddalore. From Poompuhar to Nagapattinam the effect
of onshore-offshore movement during cyclone is seen apart from that due
to littoral drift. The beaches along the Arabian Sea erode during south
west monsoon months and subsequently recover during the non-monsoon
months.
The entire coast of Tamil Nadu consists of alluvium and beach sands
overlying sedimentary formation such as latérite, limestones, clay, and
stones etc. The nature of the Coastal belt is as detailed in Table 1.2. The
geomorphological features of the Coastal régions of Tamil Nadu, extending
from Pulicat on the eastern coast to Erayumanthurai on the western coast,