xiv
Coastal Engineering: Theory and Practice
8. Design of Coastal Structures
235
8.1 Introduction........................................................................... 235
8.2 Non-breaking Wave Forces................................................... 236
8.3 Wave Forces on Walls and Rubble
Mound Structures........................................................ 241
8.3.1 Rubble mound structures......................................... 241
8.3.2 Pressure distribution on an overtopped wall ... 242
8.3.3 Minikin’s method for a wall on a low
rubble mound............................................................ 243
8.3.4 Wall of rubble foundation ...................................... 245
8.3.5 Breaking wave forces on vertical walls................... 245
8.3.6 Wall on a rubble mound......................................... 247
8.3.7 Wall of low height..................................................... 247
8.4 Goda’s Method of Breaking Wave Force (1974)................ 251
8.5 Rubble Mound Structures...................................................... 252
8.5.1 General........................................................................ 252
8.5.2 Armour layer ............................................................ 253
8.5.3 Underlayer.................................................................. 254
8.5.4 Core layer.................................................................. 254
8.5.5 Toe mound.................................................................. 254
8.5.6 Thickness of armour and underlayer...................... 255
8.5.7 Crest élévation........................................................... 255
8.5.8 Filter layer.................................................................. 255
8.6 Vertical and Composite Structures...................................... 255
8.7 Retaining Structures............................................................... 259
8.7.1 Gravity retaining walls............................................ 259
8.7.2 Sheet pile walls........................................................ 260
8.7.3 Anchored earth structures...................................... 263
8.8 Marine Piled Structures......................................................... 264
8.9 Problems................................................................................. 266
Refer ences.......................................................................................... 293
9. Physical Modeling
295
9.1 Introduction........................................................................... 295
9.2 Dimensional Analysis............................................................ 295
9.2.1 General......................................................................... 295
9.2.2 Rayleigh’s method...................................................... 298
9.2.3 Buckingham’s pi theorem......................................... 299
Coastal Engineering: Theory and Practice
8. Design of Coastal Structures
235
8.1 Introduction........................................................................... 235
8.2 Non-breaking Wave Forces................................................... 236
8.3 Wave Forces on Walls and Rubble
Mound Structures........................................................ 241
8.3.1 Rubble mound structures......................................... 241
8.3.2 Pressure distribution on an overtopped wall ... 242
8.3.3 Minikin’s method for a wall on a low
rubble mound............................................................ 243
8.3.4 Wall of rubble foundation ...................................... 245
8.3.5 Breaking wave forces on vertical walls................... 245
8.3.6 Wall on a rubble mound......................................... 247
8.3.7 Wall of low height..................................................... 247
8.4 Goda’s Method of Breaking Wave Force (1974)................ 251
8.5 Rubble Mound Structures...................................................... 252
8.5.1 General........................................................................ 252
8.5.2 Armour layer ............................................................ 253
8.5.3 Underlayer.................................................................. 254
8.5.4 Core layer.................................................................. 254
8.5.5 Toe mound.................................................................. 254
8.5.6 Thickness of armour and underlayer...................... 255
8.5.7 Crest élévation........................................................... 255
8.5.8 Filter layer.................................................................. 255
8.6 Vertical and Composite Structures...................................... 255
8.7 Retaining Structures............................................................... 259
8.7.1 Gravity retaining walls............................................ 259
8.7.2 Sheet pile walls........................................................ 260
8.7.3 Anchored earth structures...................................... 263
8.8 Marine Piled Structures......................................................... 264
8.9 Problems................................................................................. 266
Refer ences.......................................................................................... 293
9. Physical Modeling
295
9.1 Introduction........................................................................... 295
9.2 Dimensional Analysis............................................................ 295
9.2.1 General......................................................................... 295
9.2.2 Rayleigh’s method...................................................... 298
9.2.3 Buckingham’s pi theorem......................................... 299