112
Coastal Engineering: Theory and Practice
sédiment dynamics along the coast. These include structures reinforced
with eco-friendly materials which do not greatly impact the environment
and eco-system.
Geosynthetics
The Bureau of Indian Standards hâve defined geosynthetics “ail synthetic
materials used in geotechnical engineering applications, which includes
geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, and geocomposites” [IS 13321-1992
(Part 1)].
A more elaborate définition to geosynthetics is given by the American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee D35 on geosynthetics
as “a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soit,
rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related material as an intégral
part of a man-made project, structure, or System. ”
In general, geosynthetics are manmade materials used to improve soil
conditions. The word is derived from: Geo — earth or soil + Synthetics
= manmade. Geosynthetics hâve proven to be among the most versatile
and cost-effective ground modification materials. They are synthetic products used to solve geotechnical problems. The development of geosynthetic
applications in geotechnical and hydraulic engineering has been very rapid.
In the beginning the terms filter mats and woven geotextiles were used for
ail water-permeable geosynthetics, and the term membrane was used for
ail water-impermeable geosynthetics. The classification of geosynthetics is
presented in Fig. 4.11.
As water-permeable geosynthetics, geotextiles are suitable for filtering,
drainage and séparation of soils with different grain compositions. Because
the fibers and the geotextiles products possess certain strength, geotextiles
can resist and transfer forces. They are therefore suitable for performing
the tasks of reinforcement and encapsulation and can also serve as a protection layer. “Building appropriate to geosynthetics” often means, that it
is impossible for a spécial application, to initially define a single function
of the geotextiles and design according to it.
The following factors should be taken into considération when dimensioning and selecting geotextiles.
• Grain-size distribution/grain-size spectrum of the soil to be filtered.
• \\ here necessary, the plasticity index for cohesive soils.
• The hydraulic loads (hydrostatic/hydrodynamic magnitude of the
hydraulic gradient).
Coastal Engineering: Theory and Practice
sédiment dynamics along the coast. These include structures reinforced
with eco-friendly materials which do not greatly impact the environment
and eco-system.
Geosynthetics
The Bureau of Indian Standards hâve defined geosynthetics “ail synthetic
materials used in geotechnical engineering applications, which includes
geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, and geocomposites” [IS 13321-1992
(Part 1)].
A more elaborate définition to geosynthetics is given by the American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee D35 on geosynthetics
as “a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soit,
rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related material as an intégral
part of a man-made project, structure, or System. ”
In general, geosynthetics are manmade materials used to improve soil
conditions. The word is derived from: Geo — earth or soil + Synthetics
= manmade. Geosynthetics hâve proven to be among the most versatile
and cost-effective ground modification materials. They are synthetic products used to solve geotechnical problems. The development of geosynthetic
applications in geotechnical and hydraulic engineering has been very rapid.
In the beginning the terms filter mats and woven geotextiles were used for
ail water-permeable geosynthetics, and the term membrane was used for
ail water-impermeable geosynthetics. The classification of geosynthetics is
presented in Fig. 4.11.
As water-permeable geosynthetics, geotextiles are suitable for filtering,
drainage and séparation of soils with different grain compositions. Because
the fibers and the geotextiles products possess certain strength, geotextiles
can resist and transfer forces. They are therefore suitable for performing
the tasks of reinforcement and encapsulation and can also serve as a protection layer. “Building appropriate to geosynthetics” often means, that it
is impossible for a spécial application, to initially define a single function
of the geotextiles and design according to it.
The following factors should be taken into considération when dimensioning and selecting geotextiles.
• Grain-size distribution/grain-size spectrum of the soil to be filtered.
• \\ here necessary, the plasticity index for cohesive soils.
• The hydraulic loads (hydrostatic/hydrodynamic magnitude of the
hydraulic gradient).