Onshore winds, cause the water level to begin to rise at the edge of the
Continental Shelf. The amount of rise increases shoreward to a maximum
level at the shoreline. Storm surge at the shoreline can occur over long
distances along the coast. The hreadth and width of the surge will dépend
on the storm’s size, intensité, track and speed of forward motion as.Avell ’
as the shape of the coastline, and the offshore bathymetry. The highest
water level reached at a location along the coast during the passage of a
storm is called the maximum surge for that location; the highest maximum
surge is called the peak surge. Maximum water levels along a coast do not
necessarily occur at the same time. The time of the maximum surge at one
location may differ by several hours from the maximum surge at another
location. The variation of maximum surge values and their time for maify
locations along the east coast during Hurricane Carol, 1954, are shown in
Figure 3-44. This hurricane moved a long distance along the coast before
making landfall, and altered the water levels along the entire east coast.
The location of the peak surge relative to the location of the landfall
where the eye crosses the shoreline dépends on the seabed bathymetry, windfield, configuration of the coastline, and the path the storm takes over
the shelf. For hurricanes moving more or less perpendicular to a coast
with relatively straight bottom contours, the peak surge will occur close
to the point where the région of maximum winds intersects the shoreline,
approximately at a distance R, to the right of the storm center. Peak
surge is generally used by Coastal engineers to establish design water
levels at a site.
Attempts to évaluâte storm surge on the open coast, and also in bays
and estuaries, when obtained entirely from theoretical considérations,
require vérification particularly when simplified models are used. The
surge is verified by comparing the theoretical System response and computed
water levels with those observed during an actual storm. The comparison is
not always simple, because of the lack of field data. Most water-level
data obtained from past hurricanes were taken from high water marks in lowlying areas some distance inland from the open coast. The few water-leve
recording stations along the open coast are too widely separated for satisfactory vérification. Estimâtes of the water level on the open coast from
levels observed at inland locations are unreliable, since corrective adjust
ments must be made to the data, and the transformation is difficu .
Systematic acquisition of hurricane data by a number of organizations
and individuals began during the first quarter of t is cen ury.
arri
(1963b) presented water-level data and synoptic weather ch^s
hurricanes occurring from 1926 to 1961. Such data are useful for venfying
surge prédiction techniques.
Because of the limited availability of obfer^d^^C^en^w^a
for the open coast, design analysis for coasta s ru
annroach has
based on observed water levels. Conséquent y a s *
occurrence
evolved that takes into account the expected
Jocation
of a hurricane with a spécifie CPI at any particu ar
detailed analysis
Statistical évaluation of hurricane parameters b^ed ^/^^^^^tHntic
of many hurricanes, hâve been compiled for coas a
__ the radius of
and Gulf coasts of the U.S. The parameters evaluated were the radius of
3-97
Continental Shelf. The amount of rise increases shoreward to a maximum
level at the shoreline. Storm surge at the shoreline can occur over long
distances along the coast. The hreadth and width of the surge will dépend
on the storm’s size, intensité, track and speed of forward motion as.Avell ’
as the shape of the coastline, and the offshore bathymetry. The highest
water level reached at a location along the coast during the passage of a
storm is called the maximum surge for that location; the highest maximum
surge is called the peak surge. Maximum water levels along a coast do not
necessarily occur at the same time. The time of the maximum surge at one
location may differ by several hours from the maximum surge at another
location. The variation of maximum surge values and their time for maify
locations along the east coast during Hurricane Carol, 1954, are shown in
Figure 3-44. This hurricane moved a long distance along the coast before
making landfall, and altered the water levels along the entire east coast.
The location of the peak surge relative to the location of the landfall
where the eye crosses the shoreline dépends on the seabed bathymetry, windfield, configuration of the coastline, and the path the storm takes over
the shelf. For hurricanes moving more or less perpendicular to a coast
with relatively straight bottom contours, the peak surge will occur close
to the point where the région of maximum winds intersects the shoreline,
approximately at a distance R, to the right of the storm center. Peak
surge is generally used by Coastal engineers to establish design water
levels at a site.
Attempts to évaluâte storm surge on the open coast, and also in bays
and estuaries, when obtained entirely from theoretical considérations,
require vérification particularly when simplified models are used. The
surge is verified by comparing the theoretical System response and computed
water levels with those observed during an actual storm. The comparison is
not always simple, because of the lack of field data. Most water-level
data obtained from past hurricanes were taken from high water marks in lowlying areas some distance inland from the open coast. The few water-leve
recording stations along the open coast are too widely separated for satisfactory vérification. Estimâtes of the water level on the open coast from
levels observed at inland locations are unreliable, since corrective adjust
ments must be made to the data, and the transformation is difficu .
Systematic acquisition of hurricane data by a number of organizations
and individuals began during the first quarter of t is cen ury.
arri
(1963b) presented water-level data and synoptic weather ch^s
hurricanes occurring from 1926 to 1961. Such data are useful for venfying
surge prédiction techniques.
Because of the limited availability of obfer^d^^C^en^w^a
for the open coast, design analysis for coasta s ru
annroach has
based on observed water levels. Conséquent y a s *
occurrence
evolved that takes into account the expected
Jocation
of a hurricane with a spécifie CPI at any particu ar
detailed analysis
Statistical évaluation of hurricane parameters b^ed ^/^^^^^tHntic
of many hurricanes, hâve been compiled for coas a
__ the radius of
and Gulf coasts of the U.S. The parameters evaluated were the radius of
3-97