331
The Carbonate System
Honjo, S., Dissolution of suspended cocoliths in the deep- sea water column and sedimentation of
cocoliths ooze, in Dissolution of Deep- Sea Carbonates, Sliter, W., Be, A.W.H., and Berger, W.H.,
Eds., Cushman Foundation Foraminifera Res, Spec. Pub. No. 13, pp. 115–128 (1975).
Igellas-Rodriguez et al. Plankton calcification in a high-CO2 World, Science, 320, 336–340 (2008).
IPCC Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger,
A. (Eds.) IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. 104 pp. (2012).
Keeling, C.D., and Whorf, T.P., Atmospheric CO 2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network.
in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center,
Oak Ridge, TN (2004).
Kleypas, J.A., et al., Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral
reefs, Science, 284(5411), 118–120 (1999).
Langdon, C., and Atkinson, M., Effect of elevated pCO 2 on photosynthesis and calcification of corals
and interactions with seasonal change, J. Geophys. Res., 110(C9) (2005).
Lewis, E., and Wallace, D.W.R., Program developed for CO 2 system calculations, Report 105, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Cent. (1998).
Liss, P.S., Chemistry of the sea surface microlayer, Chapter 10, Chemical Oceanography, Vol. 2, 2nd ed.,
Riley, J.P., and Skirrow, G., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 193–243 (1975).
Louis, Y., et al., Characterisation and modelling of marine dissolved organic matter interaction with
major and trace cations, Mar. Environ. Res., 67, 100–107 (2009).
Marion, G.M., Millero, F.J., Camões, M.F., Spitzer, P., Feistel, P., and Chen, C- T. A., pH and acidity of
natural waters, Mar. Chem., 126, 89–95 (2011).
Marion, G.M., Millero, F.J., and Feistel, R., Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their
effect on application of seawater S A –T–P models, Ocean Sci., 5, 285–291 (2009).
McNeil, B.I., et al., Anthropogenic CO 2 uptake by the ocean based on the global chlorofluorocarbon
data set, Science, 299, 235 (2003).
Millero, F.J., The marine inorganic carbon cycle, Chem. Rev., 107(2), 308–341 (2007).
Millero, F.J., Thermodynamics of carbon dioxide system in the oceans, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59,
661 (1995).
Millero, F.J., Carbonate constants for estuarine waters, Mar. Freshwater Res., 61, 130–143 (2010).
Millero, F.J., and DiTrolio, B., Use of thermodynamics in examining the effects of ocean acidification,
Elements, 6(5), 299–303 (2010).
Millero, F.J., et al., Dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater as a function of salinity and
temperature, Mar. Chem., 100, 80–94 (2006).
Millero, F.J., DiTrolio, B., Suarez, A.F., and Lando, G., Spectroscopic measurements of pH for NaCl
brines from I = 0.1 to 5.7 m, Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 3109–3114 (2009).
Millero, F.J., Woosley, R., DiTrolio, B., and Waters, J., The effect of ocean acidification on the speciation
of metals in natural waters, Oceanography, 22, 72–85 (2009).
Morel, F.M., et al., Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean,
National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2010).
Morse, J.W., The kinetics of calcium carbonate dissolution and precipitation, in Review in Mineralogy:
Carbonates—Mineralogy and Chemistry, Reeder, R.J., Ed., Mineralogical Society of America,
Bookcrafters, Chelsea, MI, 227–264 (1983).
Morse, J.W., and Mackenzie, F.T., Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates, Elsevier, New York (1990).
Morse, J.W., Mucci, A., and Millero, F.J., The solubility of calcite and aragonite in seawater of 35‰
salinity at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 44, 85–94 (1980).
Morse, J.W., Gledhill, D.K., and Millero, F.J., CaCO 3 precipitation kinetics in waters from the Great
Bahama Bank, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 2819–2826 (2003).
Mucci, A., The solubility of calcite and aragonite in seawater at various salinities, temperatures and
one atmosphere total pressure, Am. J. Sci., 283, 780 (1983).
Mucci, A., Millero, F.J., and Morse, J.W., Comment on “The Solubility of Aragonite in Seawater,”
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 105–107 (1982).
The Carbonate System
Honjo, S., Dissolution of suspended cocoliths in the deep- sea water column and sedimentation of
cocoliths ooze, in Dissolution of Deep- Sea Carbonates, Sliter, W., Be, A.W.H., and Berger, W.H.,
Eds., Cushman Foundation Foraminifera Res, Spec. Pub. No. 13, pp. 115–128 (1975).
Igellas-Rodriguez et al. Plankton calcification in a high-CO2 World, Science, 320, 336–340 (2008).
IPCC Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger,
A. (Eds.) IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. 104 pp. (2012).
Keeling, C.D., and Whorf, T.P., Atmospheric CO 2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network.
in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center,
Oak Ridge, TN (2004).
Kleypas, J.A., et al., Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral
reefs, Science, 284(5411), 118–120 (1999).
Langdon, C., and Atkinson, M., Effect of elevated pCO 2 on photosynthesis and calcification of corals
and interactions with seasonal change, J. Geophys. Res., 110(C9) (2005).
Lewis, E., and Wallace, D.W.R., Program developed for CO 2 system calculations, Report 105, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Cent. (1998).
Liss, P.S., Chemistry of the sea surface microlayer, Chapter 10, Chemical Oceanography, Vol. 2, 2nd ed.,
Riley, J.P., and Skirrow, G., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 193–243 (1975).
Louis, Y., et al., Characterisation and modelling of marine dissolved organic matter interaction with
major and trace cations, Mar. Environ. Res., 67, 100–107 (2009).
Marion, G.M., Millero, F.J., Camões, M.F., Spitzer, P., Feistel, P., and Chen, C- T. A., pH and acidity of
natural waters, Mar. Chem., 126, 89–95 (2011).
Marion, G.M., Millero, F.J., and Feistel, R., Precipitation of solid phase calcium carbonates and their
effect on application of seawater S A –T–P models, Ocean Sci., 5, 285–291 (2009).
McNeil, B.I., et al., Anthropogenic CO 2 uptake by the ocean based on the global chlorofluorocarbon
data set, Science, 299, 235 (2003).
Millero, F.J., The marine inorganic carbon cycle, Chem. Rev., 107(2), 308–341 (2007).
Millero, F.J., Thermodynamics of carbon dioxide system in the oceans, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59,
661 (1995).
Millero, F.J., Carbonate constants for estuarine waters, Mar. Freshwater Res., 61, 130–143 (2010).
Millero, F.J., and DiTrolio, B., Use of thermodynamics in examining the effects of ocean acidification,
Elements, 6(5), 299–303 (2010).
Millero, F.J., et al., Dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater as a function of salinity and
temperature, Mar. Chem., 100, 80–94 (2006).
Millero, F.J., DiTrolio, B., Suarez, A.F., and Lando, G., Spectroscopic measurements of pH for NaCl
brines from I = 0.1 to 5.7 m, Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 3109–3114 (2009).
Millero, F.J., Woosley, R., DiTrolio, B., and Waters, J., The effect of ocean acidification on the speciation
of metals in natural waters, Oceanography, 22, 72–85 (2009).
Morel, F.M., et al., Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean,
National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2010).
Morse, J.W., The kinetics of calcium carbonate dissolution and precipitation, in Review in Mineralogy:
Carbonates—Mineralogy and Chemistry, Reeder, R.J., Ed., Mineralogical Society of America,
Bookcrafters, Chelsea, MI, 227–264 (1983).
Morse, J.W., and Mackenzie, F.T., Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates, Elsevier, New York (1990).
Morse, J.W., Mucci, A., and Millero, F.J., The solubility of calcite and aragonite in seawater of 35‰
salinity at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 44, 85–94 (1980).
Morse, J.W., Gledhill, D.K., and Millero, F.J., CaCO 3 precipitation kinetics in waters from the Great
Bahama Bank, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 2819–2826 (2003).
Mucci, A., The solubility of calcite and aragonite in seawater at various salinities, temperatures and
one atmosphere total pressure, Am. J. Sci., 283, 780 (1983).
Mucci, A., Millero, F.J., and Morse, J.W., Comment on “The Solubility of Aragonite in Seawater,”
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 105–107 (1982).