329
The Carbonate System
References and Further Reading
Barnola, J.M., et al., Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO 2 , Nature, 329,
408 (1987).
Bates, R.G., Determination of pH Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 479 (1973).
Bates, R.G,. and Calais, J.G., Thermodynamics of the dissociation of Bis H + in seawater from 5 to 40 C.
J. Solution Chem. 10, 269–279 (1981).
Bates, R.G., and Erickson, W.P., Thermodynamics of the dissociation of 2-minopyridinium ion in synthetic seawater and a standard for pH in marine systems. J. Solution Chem. 15, 891–901 (1986).
Battle, M., et al., Global carbon sinks and their variability inferred from atmospheric O 2 and δ 13 C,
Science, 287, 2467 (2000).
Berger, W.H., Biogenous deep sea sediments: production, preservation, and interpretation,
Chapter 29, Chemical Oceanography, Vol. 5, 2nd ed., Riley, J.P., and Chester, R., Eds., Academic
Press, New York, 266–388 (1976).
[X]
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
log k
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Carbonate
Borate
Figure 7.76
The effect of the concentration of CO 3
2– and B(OH) 4
– on the rate constant for the reduction of Cu 2+ with H 2 O 2 in
seawater at 25°C.
pH
7
8
9
10
0.0
0.2
0.4
α
0.6
0.8
1.0
L 2–
HL
–
Figure 7.77
The effect of pH on the organic ligand that forms complexes with Cu 2– in seawater. (From Millero and DiTrolio,
Elements, 6, 299–303, 2010.)