Neelin, J. D., D. S. Battisti, A. C. Hirst et al., 1998:
ENSO theory. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 14261–
14290. [2.3]
Neill, C., K. M. Johnson, E. Lewis and D. W . R.
Wallace, 1997: Accurate headspace analysis of
fCO 2 in discrete water samples using batch equilibration. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1774– 1783. [6.3]
Nerem, R. S., 1995: Measuring global mean sea-level
variations from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter
data. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 25135–25152. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., 1999: Measuring very low frequency
sea level variations using satellite altimeter data.
Global and Planetary Change 20, 157–171. [1.2]
Nerem, R. S. and G. T. Mitchum, 2000: Sea level
changes, pp. 329–349. In: Satellite Altimetry and
Earth Sciences, L.-L. Fu and A. Cazenave (eds),
Academic Press, London. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., B. D. Tapley and C.-K. Shum, 1990:
Determination of the ocean circulation using Geosat altimetry. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 3163–3180. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., E. Schrama, C. Koblinsky and
B. Beckley, 1994: A preliminary evaluation of
ocean topography from the TOPEX/POSEIDON
mission. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 24565–24583. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., B. J. Haines, J. Hendricks,
J.-F. Minster, G. T. Mitchum and W. B. White,
1997: Improved determination of global mean sealevel variations using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1331–1334. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., D. P. Chambers, E. W. Leuliette,
G. T. Mitchum and B. S. Giese, 1999: Variations
in global mean sea level associated with the
1997–98 ENSO event. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26,
3005–3008. [1.2, 3.3, 7.4]
Neshyba, S. J., C. N. K. Mooers, R. L. Smith and
R. T. Barber (eds), 1989: Poleward flows along eastern ocean boundaries. In: Coastal and Estuarine
Studies, Vol. 34, Springer-Verlag, NY, 374 pp. [1.2]
Neumann, G. and W. J. Pierson, 1966: Principles of
Physical Oceanography. Prentice Hall, EnglewoodCliffs, NJ, 545 pp. [7.4]
New, A. L., R. Bleck, Y. Jia, R. Marsh, M. Huddleston
and S. Barnard, 1995: An isopycnic model study of
the North Atlantic. Part I: Model experiment.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 2667–2699. [5.3, 5.4]
New, A. L., S. Barnard, P. Herrmann and
J.-M. Molines, 2000a: On the origin and pathway
of the saline inflow to the Nordic Seas: Insight
from models. Prog. Oceanogr. (in press). [5.7]
New, A. L., Y. Jia, M. Coulibaly and J. Dengg,
2000b: On the role of the Azores current in the
ventilation of the North Atlantic Ocean. Prog.
Oceanogr. (in press). [5.3]
Niebauer, H., 1998: Variability in Bering Sea ice
cover as affected by a regime shift in the North
Pacific in the period 1947–1996. J. Geophys. Res.
103, 27717–27737. [4.7]
Niiler, P. P., 1995: Heat and momentum convergence
of the tropical Pacific as measured by Lagrangian
drifters. Proc. of the International Scientific
Conference of the Tropical Ocean Global
Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme, WMO/TD
#717, 437 pp. [4.1]
Niiler, P. and N. Barth, 2001: The annual mean surface circulation in the eastern Pacific. Proceedings of
the 25th Anniversary Commemoration, CICECE,
Ensenada, Mexico, September 1998. (in press). [4.1]
Niiler, P. P. and E. B. Kraus, 1977: One-dimensional
models of the upper ocean. In: Modeling and
Prediction of the Upper Layers of the Ocean, E. B.
Kraus (ed.), Pergamon Press, pp. 143–172. [4.1]
Niiler, P. P. and J. D. Paduan, 1995: Wind-driven
motions in the northeast Pacific as measured by
Lagrangian drifters. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25,
2819–2830. [2.1]
Niiler, P. P. and W. S. Richardson, 1973: Seasonal
variability of the Florida Current. J. Mar. Res. 31,
144–167. [6.1]
Niiler, P. P., R. E. Davis and H. J. White, 1987:
Water-following characteristics of a mixed layer
drifter. Deep-Sea Res. 34, 1867–1881. [4.1]
Niiler, P. P., A. Sybrandy, K. Bi, P. Poulain and
D. Bitterman, 1995: Measurements of the
water-following capability of Holey-sock and
TRISTAR drifters. Deep-Sea Res. 42, 1951–
1964. [4.1]
Nitta, T. and S. Yamada, 1989: Recent warming of
tropical sea surface temperature and its relationship to the Northern Hemisphere circulation.
J. Meteor. Soc. Japan 67, 375–383. [5.4, 7.3]
Nittis, K. and A. Lascaratos, 1998: Interannual
variability of LIW formation: A high resolution
numerical study. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit.
CIESM 35, 178–179. [5.7]
NOAA (1997–1998) NOAA Climate Diagnostics
Bulletin(s), Figures A 1.1. NCEP, Silver Springs,
MD, 79 pp. [4.1]
Nof, D., 1996: What controls the origin of the
Indonesian throughflow? J. Geophys. Res. 101,
12301–12314. [4.7]
Nøst, O. A. and S. Østerhus, 1998: Impact of
grounded icebergs on the hydrographic conditions
near the Filchner Ice Shelf. In: Ocean, Ice and
Atmosphere: Interactions at Antarctic Continental
Margin, Vol. 75 of Antarctic Research Series,
S. S. Jacobs and R. Weiss (eds), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 267–284. [4.6]
Nowlin, W. D., 1999: A strategy for long-term ocean
observations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 80, 621–
627. [3.3, 7.4]
REFERENCES
652
ENSO theory. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 14261–
14290. [2.3]
Neill, C., K. M. Johnson, E. Lewis and D. W . R.
Wallace, 1997: Accurate headspace analysis of
fCO 2 in discrete water samples using batch equilibration. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1774– 1783. [6.3]
Nerem, R. S., 1995: Measuring global mean sea-level
variations from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter
data. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 25135–25152. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., 1999: Measuring very low frequency
sea level variations using satellite altimeter data.
Global and Planetary Change 20, 157–171. [1.2]
Nerem, R. S. and G. T. Mitchum, 2000: Sea level
changes, pp. 329–349. In: Satellite Altimetry and
Earth Sciences, L.-L. Fu and A. Cazenave (eds),
Academic Press, London. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., B. D. Tapley and C.-K. Shum, 1990:
Determination of the ocean circulation using Geosat altimetry. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 3163–3180. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., E. Schrama, C. Koblinsky and
B. Beckley, 1994: A preliminary evaluation of
ocean topography from the TOPEX/POSEIDON
mission. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 24565–24583. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., B. J. Haines, J. Hendricks,
J.-F. Minster, G. T. Mitchum and W. B. White,
1997: Improved determination of global mean sealevel variations using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1331–1334. [3.3]
Nerem, R. S., D. P. Chambers, E. W. Leuliette,
G. T. Mitchum and B. S. Giese, 1999: Variations
in global mean sea level associated with the
1997–98 ENSO event. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26,
3005–3008. [1.2, 3.3, 7.4]
Neshyba, S. J., C. N. K. Mooers, R. L. Smith and
R. T. Barber (eds), 1989: Poleward flows along eastern ocean boundaries. In: Coastal and Estuarine
Studies, Vol. 34, Springer-Verlag, NY, 374 pp. [1.2]
Neumann, G. and W. J. Pierson, 1966: Principles of
Physical Oceanography. Prentice Hall, EnglewoodCliffs, NJ, 545 pp. [7.4]
New, A. L., R. Bleck, Y. Jia, R. Marsh, M. Huddleston
and S. Barnard, 1995: An isopycnic model study of
the North Atlantic. Part I: Model experiment.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 2667–2699. [5.3, 5.4]
New, A. L., S. Barnard, P. Herrmann and
J.-M. Molines, 2000a: On the origin and pathway
of the saline inflow to the Nordic Seas: Insight
from models. Prog. Oceanogr. (in press). [5.7]
New, A. L., Y. Jia, M. Coulibaly and J. Dengg,
2000b: On the role of the Azores current in the
ventilation of the North Atlantic Ocean. Prog.
Oceanogr. (in press). [5.3]
Niebauer, H., 1998: Variability in Bering Sea ice
cover as affected by a regime shift in the North
Pacific in the period 1947–1996. J. Geophys. Res.
103, 27717–27737. [4.7]
Niiler, P. P., 1995: Heat and momentum convergence
of the tropical Pacific as measured by Lagrangian
drifters. Proc. of the International Scientific
Conference of the Tropical Ocean Global
Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme, WMO/TD
#717, 437 pp. [4.1]
Niiler, P. and N. Barth, 2001: The annual mean surface circulation in the eastern Pacific. Proceedings of
the 25th Anniversary Commemoration, CICECE,
Ensenada, Mexico, September 1998. (in press). [4.1]
Niiler, P. P. and E. B. Kraus, 1977: One-dimensional
models of the upper ocean. In: Modeling and
Prediction of the Upper Layers of the Ocean, E. B.
Kraus (ed.), Pergamon Press, pp. 143–172. [4.1]
Niiler, P. P. and J. D. Paduan, 1995: Wind-driven
motions in the northeast Pacific as measured by
Lagrangian drifters. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25,
2819–2830. [2.1]
Niiler, P. P. and W. S. Richardson, 1973: Seasonal
variability of the Florida Current. J. Mar. Res. 31,
144–167. [6.1]
Niiler, P. P., R. E. Davis and H. J. White, 1987:
Water-following characteristics of a mixed layer
drifter. Deep-Sea Res. 34, 1867–1881. [4.1]
Niiler, P. P., A. Sybrandy, K. Bi, P. Poulain and
D. Bitterman, 1995: Measurements of the
water-following capability of Holey-sock and
TRISTAR drifters. Deep-Sea Res. 42, 1951–
1964. [4.1]
Nitta, T. and S. Yamada, 1989: Recent warming of
tropical sea surface temperature and its relationship to the Northern Hemisphere circulation.
J. Meteor. Soc. Japan 67, 375–383. [5.4, 7.3]
Nittis, K. and A. Lascaratos, 1998: Interannual
variability of LIW formation: A high resolution
numerical study. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit.
CIESM 35, 178–179. [5.7]
NOAA (1997–1998) NOAA Climate Diagnostics
Bulletin(s), Figures A 1.1. NCEP, Silver Springs,
MD, 79 pp. [4.1]
Nof, D., 1996: What controls the origin of the
Indonesian throughflow? J. Geophys. Res. 101,
12301–12314. [4.7]
Nøst, O. A. and S. Østerhus, 1998: Impact of
grounded icebergs on the hydrographic conditions
near the Filchner Ice Shelf. In: Ocean, Ice and
Atmosphere: Interactions at Antarctic Continental
Margin, Vol. 75 of Antarctic Research Series,
S. S. Jacobs and R. Weiss (eds), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 267–284. [4.6]
Nowlin, W. D., 1999: A strategy for long-term ocean
observations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 80, 621–
627. [3.3, 7.4]
REFERENCES
652