4.6 The Antarctic Circumpolar Current System
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Rintoul, Hughes and Olbers
Fig. 4.6.14 A schematic five-layer view of the overturning circulation (units of 10
6 m
3 s
91
) in each southern
hemisphere basin, and the zonal sum, from the inverse model of Sloyan and Rintoul (2001b). SW, Surface Water;TW,
Thermocline Water; IW, Intermediate Water; UDW, Upper Deep Water; LDW, Lower Deep Water; and BW, Bottom
Water.The neutral surfaces used to define each layer are shown.Air–sea flux-driven diapycnal fluxes are shown by
bold, dashed arrows at the sea surface. Net diapycnal fluxes due to interior mixing are indicated by thin dashed
arrows; their location along the isopycnal is schematic only. Numbers in boxes represent the net convergence (;ve)
or divergence (9ve) of a particular layer in that sector of the Southern Ocean.Two-headed arrows in intermediate
water highlight that the net flux is the difference between nearly balancing northward and southward fluxes. Labels
beneath each plot indicate the hydrographic sections used in the inverse model (e.g. PAC32 is a section at about 32°S
in the Pacific).