Regulatory aspects
The dynamics of management and regulation methods
Land
The fact that resources on land have a strong spatial character, linked
to a sophisticated system of property rights, has contributed greatly to
a modified environment where there is a clear separation between the
various land uses (ancl the users). Even though zonings are likely to
evolve later, this system acts as a reference.
A “commune” in France constitutes the smallest territorial division.
These areas, or grouping of them, are used to form the basis of most
management units. They are also taken as references to implement
numerous regulations and to collect statistical data.
Legislative or contractual measures aimed at protecting endangered
species and areas have recently proliferated at various administrative
levels, many of which concern coastal zones (Richard & Dauvin, 1996).
Some are located on either side of the land-sea divide. The water catchment areas and the different divisions of the hydrographic network
also tencl to form significant units, both in terms of the management
and implementation of regulations relative to water quality, as well as
statistical data collection.
Sea
ln the marine environment, free access and the absence of control have
been the norm for ages. The main exception concerned a narrow band
of seawater, linked mainly to the defence sector. Access rights were
controlled by the state. The central government also handled, sector
by sector, the dyking, the permanent fisheries and the provisional
concessions for marine cultures.
Gradually, it has become necessary to ensure navigational safety, and
this has led to stricter and more complex traffic regulations. New international legislations (Montego Bay Convention, 1982) have formalized
marine space divisions governing rights in terms of traffic, police, customs,
exploration and exploitation both on the surface as well as on the sea
bed or in the subsoil.
The development of new activities and the will to improve the management of resources have more recently led to a clearer definition of regulations m terms of limited access, fewer fishing gears and reduction in
catches. The marine culture concessions have been diversified geographically and have been extended to deep water areas. Management
units, producer organizations have been set up which often involve a
spatial dimension. The great increase in the number of ports has led
to different statutes, depending on the type of activity, to the demarcation of administrative areas, as well as dredging and dredging waste
disposal areas. Activities involving the extraction of aggregates have
been tightened up.
The development of tourism, including bathing, leisure boating,
fishing, shellfish hunting, scuba diving or nature holidays has also led
legislators and managers to define new rules to ensure better control.
271
The dynamics of management and regulation methods
Land
The fact that resources on land have a strong spatial character, linked
to a sophisticated system of property rights, has contributed greatly to
a modified environment where there is a clear separation between the
various land uses (ancl the users). Even though zonings are likely to
evolve later, this system acts as a reference.
A “commune” in France constitutes the smallest territorial division.
These areas, or grouping of them, are used to form the basis of most
management units. They are also taken as references to implement
numerous regulations and to collect statistical data.
Legislative or contractual measures aimed at protecting endangered
species and areas have recently proliferated at various administrative
levels, many of which concern coastal zones (Richard & Dauvin, 1996).
Some are located on either side of the land-sea divide. The water catchment areas and the different divisions of the hydrographic network
also tencl to form significant units, both in terms of the management
and implementation of regulations relative to water quality, as well as
statistical data collection.
Sea
ln the marine environment, free access and the absence of control have
been the norm for ages. The main exception concerned a narrow band
of seawater, linked mainly to the defence sector. Access rights were
controlled by the state. The central government also handled, sector
by sector, the dyking, the permanent fisheries and the provisional
concessions for marine cultures.
Gradually, it has become necessary to ensure navigational safety, and
this has led to stricter and more complex traffic regulations. New international legislations (Montego Bay Convention, 1982) have formalized
marine space divisions governing rights in terms of traffic, police, customs,
exploration and exploitation both on the surface as well as on the sea
bed or in the subsoil.
The development of new activities and the will to improve the management of resources have more recently led to a clearer definition of regulations m terms of limited access, fewer fishing gears and reduction in
catches. The marine culture concessions have been diversified geographically and have been extended to deep water areas. Management
units, producer organizations have been set up which often involve a
spatial dimension. The great increase in the number of ports has led
to different statutes, depending on the type of activity, to the demarcation of administrative areas, as well as dredging and dredging waste
disposal areas. Activities involving the extraction of aggregates have
been tightened up.
The development of tourism, including bathing, leisure boating,
fishing, shellfish hunting, scuba diving or nature holidays has also led
legislators and managers to define new rules to ensure better control.
271