CHEMORECEPTION
TOSHIAKl 1 . H A M
I . Introduction
. . . . . . . .
I1 . Anatomy of Chemical Sense Organs . . .
A . Olfactory Organ . . . . . . .
C . Free Nerve Endings
B . Gustatory Organ . . . . . . .
D . Morphology of Brain and Feeding Habits .
I11 . Behavioral Studies of Chemoreceptive Functions .
A . Olfactory Sense . . . . . . .
B . Gustatory Sense . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
IV . Electrophysiological Studies of Chemoreceptor Responses .
A . Olfactory System . . . . . . . . .
B . Gustatory Receptors . . . . . . . .
V . Biological Aspects of Chemoreception . . . . .
A . Chemical Perception of Foods . . . . . .
B . Reproductive Behavior and Chemical Senses . . .
C . Discrimination of Body Odors and Schooling . . .
D . Alarm Substances
. . . . . . . .
E . Repellents . . . . . . . . . .
F . Orientation by Chemical Senses . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
79
81
81
87
89
89
91
91
93
94
94
100
104
104
105
106
107
109
109
114
I . INTRODUCTION
Chemoreception plays an important and indispensable role in the
behavior of fishes . It is involved in the procurement of food. recognition
of sex. discrimination between individuals of the same or different species.
in defense against predators. in parental behavior. in orientation. and in
many other ways . Primarily through conditioning techniques. studies of
79