M. V. L. BENNETT
568
systems of more widespread occurrence. Nonetheless, the ease of experimental preparation and of stimulating known numbers of individual receptors makes the system worthy of further exploration. The macroscopic
and cytological specialization of the underlying brain structures ( Section
V, C ) also makes them highly intriguing subjects for physiological investigation. One can conclude that the electrosensory systems have provided information of considerable general as well as comparative physiological interest. It can be anticipated that further study will continue to
be rewarding.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am indebted to Dr. R. B. Szamier for many of the morphological figures.
Supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health ( 5 PO1 NB
07512 and HD-04248) and the National Science Foundation (GB-6880).
REFERENCES
Ariens-Kappers, C. U., Huber, G. C., and Crosby, E. C. (1936). “The Comparative
Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates Including Man.” Macmillan,
New York.
Auerbach, A. A., and Bennett, M. V. L. (1969). Chemically mediated transmission
at a giant fiber synapse in the central nervous system of a vertebrate. J. Gen.
Physiol. 53, 183-210.
Barets, A,, and Szabo, T. (1964). Ultrastructure de cellules sensorielles des mormyromastes de Gnathonemus et de leur appareil synaptique. J. Microscopie 3, 85-90.
Barets, A., and Szabo, T. (1965). Ultrastructures des cellules sensorielles de certains
rkcepteurs du systeme lateral chez Gnathonemus. Proc. 3rd Reg. Conf. ( E u r . )
Electron Microscopy, Prague, 1964 pp. 327-328. Publ. House Czech. Acad. Sci.,
Prague.
Bauer, R. ( 1968). Untersuchungen zur Entladungstatigkeit und zum Beutefangverhalten des Zitterwelses, Malapterurus electricus Gmelin 1789 ( Siluroidea, Malapteruridae, Lacep. 1803). Z. Vergleich. Physiol. 59, 371402.
Belbenoit, P. ( 1970). Comportement alimentaire et d6charge associee chez Torpedo
marmorata (Selacchii, Pisces). Z. Vergleich. Physiol. 67, 205-216.
Bennett, M. V. L. (1964). Nervous function at the cellular level. Ann. Rev. Physiol.
26, 289-340.
Bennett, M. V. L. (1965). Electroreceptors in Mormyrids. Cold Spring Harbor Symp.
Quant. Biol. 30, 245-262.
Bennett, M. V. L. (1967). Mechanisms of electroreception. In “Lateral Line Detectors” (P. Cahn, ed.), pp. 313-393. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
Bennett, M. V. L. (1968a). Similarities between chemically and electrically mediated
transmission. I n “Physiological and Biophysical Aspects of Nervous Integration”
(F. D. Carlson, ed.), pp. 73-128. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Bennett, M. V. L. ( 1968b). Neural control of electric organs. In “The Central Nervous
568
systems of more widespread occurrence. Nonetheless, the ease of experimental preparation and of stimulating known numbers of individual receptors makes the system worthy of further exploration. The macroscopic
and cytological specialization of the underlying brain structures ( Section
V, C ) also makes them highly intriguing subjects for physiological investigation. One can conclude that the electrosensory systems have provided information of considerable general as well as comparative physiological interest. It can be anticipated that further study will continue to
be rewarding.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am indebted to Dr. R. B. Szamier for many of the morphological figures.
Supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health ( 5 PO1 NB
07512 and HD-04248) and the National Science Foundation (GB-6880).
REFERENCES
Ariens-Kappers, C. U., Huber, G. C., and Crosby, E. C. (1936). “The Comparative
Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates Including Man.” Macmillan,
New York.
Auerbach, A. A., and Bennett, M. V. L. (1969). Chemically mediated transmission
at a giant fiber synapse in the central nervous system of a vertebrate. J. Gen.
Physiol. 53, 183-210.
Barets, A,, and Szabo, T. (1964). Ultrastructure de cellules sensorielles des mormyromastes de Gnathonemus et de leur appareil synaptique. J. Microscopie 3, 85-90.
Barets, A., and Szabo, T. (1965). Ultrastructures des cellules sensorielles de certains
rkcepteurs du systeme lateral chez Gnathonemus. Proc. 3rd Reg. Conf. ( E u r . )
Electron Microscopy, Prague, 1964 pp. 327-328. Publ. House Czech. Acad. Sci.,
Prague.
Bauer, R. ( 1968). Untersuchungen zur Entladungstatigkeit und zum Beutefangverhalten des Zitterwelses, Malapterurus electricus Gmelin 1789 ( Siluroidea, Malapteruridae, Lacep. 1803). Z. Vergleich. Physiol. 59, 371402.
Belbenoit, P. ( 1970). Comportement alimentaire et d6charge associee chez Torpedo
marmorata (Selacchii, Pisces). Z. Vergleich. Physiol. 67, 205-216.
Bennett, M. V. L. (1964). Nervous function at the cellular level. Ann. Rev. Physiol.
26, 289-340.
Bennett, M. V. L. (1965). Electroreceptors in Mormyrids. Cold Spring Harbor Symp.
Quant. Biol. 30, 245-262.
Bennett, M. V. L. (1967). Mechanisms of electroreception. In “Lateral Line Detectors” (P. Cahn, ed.), pp. 313-393. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
Bennett, M. V. L. (1968a). Similarities between chemically and electrically mediated
transmission. I n “Physiological and Biophysical Aspects of Nervous Integration”
(F. D. Carlson, ed.), pp. 73-128. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Bennett, M. V. L. ( 1968b). Neural control of electric organs. In “The Central Nervous