10. ELECTRIC ORGANS
489
Keynes, R. D. ( 1957). Electric organs. In “The Physiology of Fishes” (M. E. Brown,
ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 323-343. Academic Press, New York.
Keynes, R. D. (1961). The development of the electric organ in Electrophorus
electricus ( L. ). In “Bioelectrogenesis” (C. Chagas and A. Paes de Carvalho,
eds.), pp. 14-18. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Keynes, R. D., and Martins-Ferreira, H. (1953). Membrane potentials in the
electroplates of the electric eel. J. Physiol. 119, 315351.
Keynes, R. D., Bennett, M. V. L., and Grundfest, H. (1961). Studies on morphology
and electrophysiology of electric organs. 11. Electrophysiology of electric organ
of Malupterum electricus. In “Bioelectrogenesis” (C. Chagas and A. Paes de
Carvalho, eds. ), pp. 102-112. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Kriebel, M. E., Bennett, M. V. L., Waxman, S. G., and Pappas, G. D. (1969).
Oculomotor neurons in fish: Electrotonic coupling and multiple sites of impulse
initiation. Science 166, 520-524.
Larimer, J. L., and MacDonald, J. A. (1968). Sensory feedback from electroreceptors to electromotor pacemaker centers in gymnotids. Am. J. Physiol.
214, 1253-1261.
Leuzinger, W., and Baker, A. L. ( 1967). Acetylcholinesterase. I. Large-scale purification, homogeneity and amino acid analysis. PTOC. Natl. Acad. Sci. US. 57,
446-451.
Lissmann, H. W. ( 1951). Continuous electric signals from the tail of a fish,
Gymnarchus niloticus. Nature 167, 201.
Lissmann, H. W. (1958). On the function and evolution of electric organs in fish.
J. Exptl. Biol. 35, 156-191.
Lissmann, H. W., and Schwassman, H. 0. (1965). Activity rhythm of an electric
fish, Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus Ellis. 2. Vergleich. Physiol. 51, 153-171.
Lowrey, A. (1913). A study of the submental filaments considered as probable
electric organs in the gymnotid eel, Steatogenys eleguns (Steindachner). J .
Morphol. 24, 685-694.
Luft, J. H. (1957). The histology and cytology of the electric organ of the electric
eel (Electrophorus electricus L.). J. Morphol. 100, 113-140.
Mandriata, F. J., Thompson, R. L., and Bennett, M. V. L. (1965). Classical conditioning of electric organ discharge rate in mormyrids. Science 150, 17401742.
Mandriota, F. J., Thompson, R. L., and Bennett, M. V. L. (1968). Avoidance
conditioning of the rate of electric organ discharge in mormyrid fish. Animal
Behavwur 16, 448455.
Mathewson, R., Mauro, A., Amatniek, E., and Grundfest, H. (1958). Morphology
of main and accessory electric organs of Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers) and some
correlations with their electrophysiological properties. Biol. Bull. 115, 126-135.
Mathewson, R., Wachtel, A., and Grundfest, H. (1961). Fine structure of electroplaques In “Bioelectrogenesis” (C. Chagas and A. Paes de Carvalho, eds.),
pp. 25-53. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Mauro, A. (1969). The role of the Voltaic pile in the Galvani-Volta controversy
concerning animal us. metallic electricity. J. History Med. Allied Sci. 24,
140-150.
Moller, P. ( 1970). “Communication” in weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus niger
(Mormyridae). I. Variation of electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency
elicited by controlled electric stimuli. Animal Behauiour 18, 768-786.
Morlock, N. L., Benamy, D. A., and Grundfest, H. (1969). Analysis of spike electrogenesis of eel electroplaques with phase and impedance measurements. J. Gen.
Physiol. 52, 2245.
489
Keynes, R. D. ( 1957). Electric organs. In “The Physiology of Fishes” (M. E. Brown,
ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 323-343. Academic Press, New York.
Keynes, R. D. (1961). The development of the electric organ in Electrophorus
electricus ( L. ). In “Bioelectrogenesis” (C. Chagas and A. Paes de Carvalho,
eds.), pp. 14-18. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Keynes, R. D., and Martins-Ferreira, H. (1953). Membrane potentials in the
electroplates of the electric eel. J. Physiol. 119, 315351.
Keynes, R. D., Bennett, M. V. L., and Grundfest, H. (1961). Studies on morphology
and electrophysiology of electric organs. 11. Electrophysiology of electric organ
of Malupterum electricus. In “Bioelectrogenesis” (C. Chagas and A. Paes de
Carvalho, eds. ), pp. 102-112. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Kriebel, M. E., Bennett, M. V. L., Waxman, S. G., and Pappas, G. D. (1969).
Oculomotor neurons in fish: Electrotonic coupling and multiple sites of impulse
initiation. Science 166, 520-524.
Larimer, J. L., and MacDonald, J. A. (1968). Sensory feedback from electroreceptors to electromotor pacemaker centers in gymnotids. Am. J. Physiol.
214, 1253-1261.
Leuzinger, W., and Baker, A. L. ( 1967). Acetylcholinesterase. I. Large-scale purification, homogeneity and amino acid analysis. PTOC. Natl. Acad. Sci. US. 57,
446-451.
Lissmann, H. W. ( 1951). Continuous electric signals from the tail of a fish,
Gymnarchus niloticus. Nature 167, 201.
Lissmann, H. W. (1958). On the function and evolution of electric organs in fish.
J. Exptl. Biol. 35, 156-191.
Lissmann, H. W., and Schwassman, H. 0. (1965). Activity rhythm of an electric
fish, Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus Ellis. 2. Vergleich. Physiol. 51, 153-171.
Lowrey, A. (1913). A study of the submental filaments considered as probable
electric organs in the gymnotid eel, Steatogenys eleguns (Steindachner). J .
Morphol. 24, 685-694.
Luft, J. H. (1957). The histology and cytology of the electric organ of the electric
eel (Electrophorus electricus L.). J. Morphol. 100, 113-140.
Mandriata, F. J., Thompson, R. L., and Bennett, M. V. L. (1965). Classical conditioning of electric organ discharge rate in mormyrids. Science 150, 17401742.
Mandriota, F. J., Thompson, R. L., and Bennett, M. V. L. (1968). Avoidance
conditioning of the rate of electric organ discharge in mormyrid fish. Animal
Behavwur 16, 448455.
Mathewson, R., Mauro, A., Amatniek, E., and Grundfest, H. (1958). Morphology
of main and accessory electric organs of Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers) and some
correlations with their electrophysiological properties. Biol. Bull. 115, 126-135.
Mathewson, R., Wachtel, A., and Grundfest, H. (1961). Fine structure of electroplaques In “Bioelectrogenesis” (C. Chagas and A. Paes de Carvalho, eds.),
pp. 25-53. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Mauro, A. (1969). The role of the Voltaic pile in the Galvani-Volta controversy
concerning animal us. metallic electricity. J. History Med. Allied Sci. 24,
140-150.
Moller, P. ( 1970). “Communication” in weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus niger
(Mormyridae). I. Variation of electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency
elicited by controlled electric stimuli. Animal Behauiour 18, 768-786.
Morlock, N. L., Benamy, D. A., and Grundfest, H. (1969). Analysis of spike electrogenesis of eel electroplaques with phase and impedance measurements. J. Gen.
Physiol. 52, 2245.