112
C. The Actions of Neurohypophysial Principles in the
Chondros tei . . . . . . . . . .
VII. Bony Fish: The Holostei . . . . . . . .
A. The Structure of the Neurohypophysis of the
Holostei . . . . . . . . . . .
B. The Nature of the Neurohypophysial Principles of the
Holostei . . . . . . . . . . .
C. The Actions of Neurohypophysial Principles in the
Holostei . . . . . . . . . . .
VIII. Bony Fish: The Teleosts . . . . . . . .
Teleosts . . . . . . . . . . .
Teleosts . . . . . . . . . . .
Teleosts . . . . . . . . . . .
IX. Lungfish: The Dipnoi
. . . . . . . .
Dipnoi . . . . . . . . . . .
Dipnoi . . . . . . . . . . .
Dipnoi . . . . . . . . . . .
X. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. The Structure of the Neurohypophysis of the
B. The Nature of the Neurohypophysial Principles of the
C. The Actions of Neurohypophysial Principles in the
A. The Structure of the Neurohypophysis of the
B. The Nature of the Neurohypophysial Principles of the
C. The Actions of Neurohypophysial Principles in the
I. INTRODUCTION
A. M. PERKS
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,
182
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Studies of the neurohypophys., provide a goo1 example of the interaction between mammalian and comparative physiology. They show
clearly how each division can be of benefit to the other. It was Scharrer’s
pioneer work (1928, 1930, 1932) on the teleost neurohypophysis that
introduced the concept of hypothalamic neurosecretion into mammalian
research, and replaced the original idea of the posterior pituitary as a
simple endocrine gland, by the concept of a complex neurohypophysial
system, in which hormones, secreted by nerve cells in the hypothalamus,
passed down the nerve axons, to be stored in the pars nervosa of the pituitary. In turn, studies of the mammalian neurohypophysial principles
opened the way to new ideas concerning the nature of the hormones
present in fish. Investigation of the pressor (Oliver and Schafer, 1895),
oxytocic (Dale, 1909), milk-ejection (Ott and Scott, 1910)) avian depressor (Paton and Watson, 1912), and antidiuretic (von den Velden,
1913) activities of the mammalian pars nervosa culminated in the purification, analysis, and synthesis of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (see
du Vigneaud, 1956). However, the demonstration of an analog, lysine