THE REGULATION OF BREATHING
G . SHELTON
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . .
11. The Respiratory Pump
. . . . . . .
A. Teleosts . . . . . . . . . .
B. Elasmobranchs . , . . . . . . .
C. Cyclostomes
. . . . . . . . .
111. Central Factors in the Regulation of Breathing Patterns
A. Experimental Techniques for Investigating Central
Respiratory Mechanisms . . . . . . .
B. The Site and Extension of the Respiratory Center
.
C. The Functional Organization of the Respiratory Center
IV. The Role of Mechanoreceptors in Respiratory Regulation
V. The Chemical Regulation of Respiration
. . .
A. Oxygen
. . . . . . . . . .
B. Carbon Dioxide
. . . . . . . .
C. Respiratory Homeostasis in Resting and Active Fish
VI. The Relationship between Ventilation and Perfusion
.
References . . . . . . . . . . .
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. 295
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. 310
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. 314
. . 316
. . 317
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. 319
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. 326
. . 328
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. 328
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,
342
. . 346
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. 347
. . 352
I. INTRODUCTION
In this chapter performance of the systems involved in ventilation
of gills with water will be considered, especially in relation to the way
in which the basic patterns of activity are produced and coordinated.
The adaptive modification of these patterns in response to changes in
internal and external environment will also be discussed. To n lesser
extent, consideration will be given to perfusion of the gills with blood
in relation to ventilation and gas exchange. Events at the level of the
cell are excluded (see chapters by Hochachka, Volume I, and Hochachka
and Somero, Volume VI) even though they set the level of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production and thus create the demands
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