AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS
GRAEME CAMPBELL
I. Introduction . . . .
11. Cyclostomes . . . .
A. Cranial Autonomic Nerves
B. Spinal Autonomic Nerves
A. Cranial Autonomic Nerves
B. Spinal Autonomic Nerves
C. Summary . . . .
References
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111. Gnathostomatous Fish
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I. INTRODUCTION
The current revival of interest in the general physiology of fishes has
emphasized our ignorance of autonomic functions in these animals. Since
Nicol reviewed the anatomy and function of the autonomic nervous
system of fish in 1952, there have been many new investigations; these
have often been concerned with details of the innervation of systems already examined in some detail, namely, the heart, the gastrointestinal
tract musculature, and chromatophores. It is rather surprising that there
has not been greater interest in the innervation of, for example, the
vasculature, the internal genitalia, and the digestive glands. It is possible
that this will be the last of the old-style reviews of this subject, for new
techniques, including the now widespread use of delicate mechanoelectric transducer recording systems and the introduction of the histochemical technique for visualizing tissue catecholamines, are already
starting to revise our opinions on the autonomic nervous system of fishes.
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