it1 ib tmpicaiil I ) i i l r WC~I'O (~viililiit(d t)), HOtlt*tliii ( 1 !)ti8 : his 'rihlc 7) i d
iippt?nreti to I i c rougli1,y cqiiivii Ivnt.
A. )'h!jlo~larc.bfolo~j~j, itl& ph!jsioloyy and chronobiology
It) seeiiis t h t ph,~t,ol-)Ii~~lkt~tl hiLs otlly contributed it little so far
to our knowlet1g:c. of biological rtiyttitrls ibti ii wliolt~. ~'hytoplitnktologists
hiivtl not tlisc.overed m y perioclici by which hilt1 not been previously
tlescribctt in sotne other fitM of' biology (however, vertical niigrations
lii~ve ext,eiitltd t h e scope of thc ulrcdy-known phototiLxis, and observibtions on bioluminescence tLt HCH 1Tiii.V have provided the initial
stimulrw for thc sopliistici~ted lid)or:ttory studies).
Tho mechanisms themselves hiLve for i t S C O I ~
ofycars been in the hands
of itlgd physiologists, biochemists, niolcculi~r bicilogints and chronot)iologists who id1 nccd iis their stm1.v iiiatcrid organisms whicti have
breri dilly isol:iti4 itntl tlisciplined. For this reuson no ittt#enlpt hits been
mudc h c ~ v to r t v iew the current reseitrch and perspectives of circadiiin
rliyt hmioity ibsrlf : relavant information will be found in the publicntions cited in the very first paragraph of the present paper and in the
following seltwtion : Kamkiishiitn itnd HiLstings (1O62), Hastings and
Iicynitll ( I gar,), Vitnden llriesschc (1966a, 1967, 1971, 1973), Ehret
ikiid Trucw ( I W7), Sweeney rl nl. (1 W 7 ) , Mitchison ( 1 !Jug), Paclilla
rf nl. ( 1 I)(;!)), l'iivlidis (lgfi!)), Schmidt (l!k%), Sweeriey ( 1 969b), Ehret
itnct M'illc (1970), Edrnuntla ~f nl. (1!)71) ibnd McMurry and Hustings
( 1 9 7 2 ~ ) .
One rnight thus predict thi~t , for s o 1 1 ~ ~
IIKWC y t ~ i r s - - ~ ~ ~ t i l
ocermogi*iLpliers rniikt. U I ) tlic letkway \BY ~~v;il\iittiilg ; L I ~ cluiilitifying itll the
circdiun cwinponc*nt,s -inforn1il t ioii itlit1 stiniulutioii will still flow onewLy, so to siiy : froni the laboribtory to the open m i . I n :tdtlition,
phy t ol)li~ n I< t ologist s will hiive to sol vv p i - o b l c a tiis of their o w t i , r w I I t inp
from the gron t h of coin wting spccicw untlrr iiri inter;iction of limiting
ftictors in bottoli] -leHH, ti 11-IWH cult 11 liiixl
Syncliroii,~ is i i t d o i i t tetlly it l < q -prohlern in circutliiin studic~,
rtiphws (Epplty iind Rtricklitntl, 1 N i X ; StwrntLnn Nielsen and Jmgenuen,
l!MH : Strickhntl, l!ML I972 : I~;l)pky el nl., 1!)72). Its usual criterion is
cell division, hiit its irnpliciltions extend to evcry property of the
organisms. I
the major ti\xotl()itlic groups or the sprcies! J ) o any successional pntterns exist,, fiitniliits to thoscb eiicoiintered in sensoiir~l Rtudies (cf. Fig. I ) ?
t Iiough it I i m becw only I recently rtwogiiiztvl to be so by sonie oceanog-
iippt?nreti to I i c rougli1,y cqiiivii Ivnt.
A. )'h!jlo~larc.bfolo~j~j, itl& ph!jsioloyy and chronobiology
It) seeiiis t h t ph,~t,ol-)Ii~~lkt~tl hiLs otlly contributed it little so far
to our knowlet1g:c. of biological rtiyttitrls ibti ii wliolt~. ~'hytoplitnktologists
hiivtl not tlisc.overed m y perioclici by which hilt1 not been previously
tlescribctt in sotne other fitM of' biology (however, vertical niigrations
lii~ve ext,eiitltd t h e scope of thc ulrcdy-known phototiLxis, and observibtions on bioluminescence tLt HCH 1Tiii.V have provided the initial
stimulrw for thc sopliistici~ted lid)or:ttory studies).
Tho mechanisms themselves hiLve for i t S C O I ~
ofycars been in the hands
of itlgd physiologists, biochemists, niolcculi~r bicilogints and chronot)iologists who id1 nccd iis their stm1.v iiiatcrid organisms whicti have
breri dilly isol:iti4 itntl tlisciplined. For this reuson no ittt#enlpt hits been
mudc h c ~ v to r t v iew the current reseitrch and perspectives of circadiiin
rliyt hmioity ibsrlf : relavant information will be found in the publicntions cited in the very first paragraph of the present paper and in the
following seltwtion : Kamkiishiitn itnd HiLstings (1O62), Hastings and
Iicynitll ( I gar,), Vitnden llriesschc (1966a, 1967, 1971, 1973), Ehret
ikiid Trucw ( I W7), Sweeney rl nl. (1 W 7 ) , Mitchison ( 1 !Jug), Paclilla
rf nl. ( 1 I)(;!)), l'iivlidis (lgfi!)), Schmidt (l!k%), Sweeriey ( 1 969b), Ehret
itnct M'illc (1970), Edrnuntla ~f nl. (1!)71) ibnd McMurry and Hustings
( 1 9 7 2 ~ ) .
One rnight thus predict thi~t , for s o 1 1 ~ ~
IIKWC y t ~ i r s - - ~ ~ ~ t i l
ocermogi*iLpliers rniikt. U I ) tlic letkway \BY ~~v;il\iittiilg ; L I ~ cluiilitifying itll the
circdiun cwinponc*nt,s -inforn1il t ioii itlit1 stiniulutioii will still flow onewLy, so to siiy : froni the laboribtory to the open m i . I n :tdtlition,
phy t ol)li~ n I< t ologist s will hiive to sol vv p i - o b l c a tiis of their o w t i , r w I I t inp
from the gron t h of coin wting spccicw untlrr iiri inter;iction of limiting
ftictors in bottoli] -leHH, ti 11-IWH cult 11 liiixl
Syncliroii,~ is i i t d o i i t tetlly it l < q -prohlern in circutliiin studic~,
rtiphws (Epplty iind Rtricklitntl, 1 N i X ; StwrntLnn Nielsen and Jmgenuen,
l!MH : Strickhntl, l!ML I972 : I~;l)pky el nl., 1!)72). Its usual criterion is
cell division, hiit its irnpliciltions extend to evcry property of the
organisms. I
the major ti\xotl()itlic groups or the sprcies! J ) o any successional pntterns exist,, fiitniliits to thoscb eiicoiintered in sensoiir~l Rtudies (cf. Fig. I ) ?
t Iiough it I i m becw only I recently rtwogiiiztvl to be so by sonie oceanog-