TIIF. HIOI.OQY O F PE:lAA(lIC YHBIMPS IN THE OCEAN
275
Itwping npwirncws tdivc? uiider lu1)orHtory conditions. Undoubtedly.
this oauws grtBtLt, difficulty in tlw cw)logicd stutly of the shrimps during
the larvtd stagiw 80 far, only a few observations have been made.
by rearing, on ttia larvltl devc4opaicant of’ a fcw species of the genera
Al‘argestes iind ASergia (NU~~IZIL\W, 1‘31 6 ; Uurney and Lebour, 1940:
Omori, 1!)6!)it, I !)7 1 i ~ ) , Acstm (Soejiiiub, I!)%; Menon, 1933; Rao, 1968),
1,ucifer (Rroolts, 188%), I’nsiphnwc (Williamson, 1960), Oplophorus,
Ac.n.n/hqh,yra iLi1(1 ,S!/Rtello,upiu ((A ririlc*y ; i d I,ebour, 1943 ), Accmtheph,!/ra (Foxton, lI)84; Herring, 1967) itntl I’hysctocaris (Foxton and
Herring, 1970). In m m y ct~scs the Iarvlte have been obtained live from
the plankton. Thc eggs have also heen collected from the Rea or removed
from the thlom inti1 nppentlages of ovigerous females prior to hatching.
Recently the eggs of 8 m p s t e s sini,ilis, Rrrgia lzicens iml Lticifcr charei
htwe been spawned i d hatched succesnfully under lahoratory conditions (l’enrcy tind Form, 1969; Omori, unpublished; Zimmerman,
1!)73). IIespite the number of shallow benthic! carids which have now
been rctLrc(1 011 ntiuylii of’ Arteinin ~nlinnt I,ctwh, very little is known
about the nutrit,ionrd requirerncwts of the larval stages. The penaeids
ant1 sergestids cannot! bc retired on Artmia alone during the early
stagca. ‘I’lwy iiccd cliatomn or flugellnt,cs 11s food, but the choice of the
best) Food is IIXIIUIIY ib miLtter of chthnc(b.
Gordon ( 1955) disrusscd the close affinity between the Penaeidea,
particwlnrly tlie Sergsstidae, and the Euphauniacea in their larval
devclopmtwt rind adult structure. The Yenwidea are believed to be
primitive tleccipods ; they ttnd thc Huphausiacea are the only Eucarida
wit8h Since iittiipliiis larvue. The period of t h e between spawning and
Iitbtching iii thc Pwacidett is rslutivcly short. Undcr normal environmcmtal tc~rnp(wt ures it tiLkcs about 30 Iwurs in A’myiu Ewen.9 (Nakazawa, 191 (i; Oniori, 1971a) arid Arvtrs j~ponicue (Soejima, 1926) and
36 hours or more in Lucijcr f i i x o ~ i (as Lucifer sp.) (Brooks, 1882).
They hatch ;is t~ naupliw nntl prow to maturity passing through
protozooal, zoed and post-larval sttiges.
The tiuiipliun is recognized by its three pairs of limbs, nttmcly
itntc.nnriles, ant,cviiine arid inandibles (Fig. 12). TheAe cephalic appendn p s arc ull ntitdory a i d no other eppmdages are functional.
The protozow (elaphocaris in Serpr&clae) hae functional mouthparts. The cnrtipace is developed but not fused to the thorax; the
abdonien is scgnitmtcd from the second stage ; paired eyes are present,
rtlthough they mty. not be functional in t3he first stage. Swimming is
affected by ~ n c w i s of the ariteiinules arid the biramous, wgmentsd
entennae ; thcl tnundibles have lost their natatory function, while
ctxopods of itt Iwst, the first, two p i r s of rnaxillipeds arc setose and
275
Itwping npwirncws tdivc? uiider lu1)orHtory conditions. Undoubtedly.
this oauws grtBtLt, difficulty in tlw cw)logicd stutly of the shrimps during
the larvtd stagiw 80 far, only a few observations have been made.
by rearing, on ttia larvltl devc4opaicant of’ a fcw species of the genera
Al‘argestes iind ASergia (NU~~IZIL\W, 1‘31 6 ; Uurney and Lebour, 1940:
Omori, 1!)6!)it, I !)7 1 i ~ ) , Acstm (Soejiiiub, I!)%; Menon, 1933; Rao, 1968),
1,ucifer (Rroolts, 188%), I’nsiphnwc (Williamson, 1960), Oplophorus,
Ac.n.n/hqh,yra iLi1(1 ,S!/Rtello,upiu ((A ririlc*y ; i d I,ebour, 1943 ), Accmtheph,!/ra (Foxton, lI)84; Herring, 1967) itntl I’hysctocaris (Foxton and
Herring, 1970). In m m y ct~scs the Iarvlte have been obtained live from
the plankton. Thc eggs have also heen collected from the Rea or removed
from the thlom inti1 nppentlages of ovigerous females prior to hatching.
Recently the eggs of 8 m p s t e s sini,ilis, Rrrgia lzicens iml Lticifcr charei
htwe been spawned i d hatched succesnfully under lahoratory conditions (l’enrcy tind Form, 1969; Omori, unpublished; Zimmerman,
1!)73). IIespite the number of shallow benthic! carids which have now
been rctLrc(1 011 ntiuylii of’ Arteinin ~nlinnt I,ctwh, very little is known
about the nutrit,ionrd requirerncwts of the larval stages. The penaeids
ant1 sergestids cannot! bc retired on Artmia alone during the early
stagca. ‘I’lwy iiccd cliatomn or flugellnt,cs 11s food, but the choice of the
best) Food is IIXIIUIIY ib miLtter of chthnc(b.
Gordon ( 1955) disrusscd the close affinity between the Penaeidea,
particwlnrly tlie Sergsstidae, and the Euphauniacea in their larval
devclopmtwt rind adult structure. The Yenwidea are believed to be
primitive tleccipods ; they ttnd thc Huphausiacea are the only Eucarida
wit8h Since iittiipliiis larvue. The period of t h e between spawning and
Iitbtching iii thc Pwacidett is rslutivcly short. Undcr normal environmcmtal tc~rnp(wt ures it tiLkcs about 30 Iwurs in A’myiu Ewen.9 (Nakazawa, 191 (i; Oniori, 1971a) arid Arvtrs j~ponicue (Soejima, 1926) and
36 hours or more in Lucijcr f i i x o ~ i (as Lucifer sp.) (Brooks, 1882).
They hatch ;is t~ naupliw nntl prow to maturity passing through
protozooal, zoed and post-larval sttiges.
The tiuiipliun is recognized by its three pairs of limbs, nttmcly
itntc.nnriles, ant,cviiine arid inandibles (Fig. 12). TheAe cephalic appendn p s arc ull ntitdory a i d no other eppmdages are functional.
The protozow (elaphocaris in Serpr&clae) hae functional mouthparts. The cnrtipace is developed but not fused to the thorax; the
abdonien is scgnitmtcd from the second stage ; paired eyes are present,
rtlthough they mty. not be functional in t3he first stage. Swimming is
affected by ~ n c w i s of the ariteiinules arid the biramous, wgmentsd
entennae ; thcl tnundibles have lost their natatory function, while
ctxopods of itt Iwst, the first, two p i r s of rnaxillipeds arc setose and