orgib~rx of' I ' c b s t i~ or A \ ~ P ~ ! / P s / P ~
rr/lnrtlic.~t~s sl1owc.d stcnti~~ cmissioli of blue
ligl~t frtiut ly 1 ingt%cl wit,l~ gl-rc'rl ; t , h c h pl~ot~opl~orc~s of Seryic~ 8ple~tder~s (as
Sf~,g~.~tc.x ric-ltrrr(li) flatsl~crl grc*cllish-l~luc. light irregularly, and those of
,S~r!~i(t r ~ h t t ~ t ~ / ~
~ ~ O ( I I I D ( Y
I 11 ~ t , ( ~ i ~ ( l ~ ,
(l11ll-gr(\e11ish glow. In S O ~ I ~ C
species of'
Af*c~lrs thorc. i1r.c. t,wo or I I I ~ I . ( * pi~iln of' l-c~l spots, onc priir oti the hiisit1
U ~ X I I I ~ ~ I I ~
of th(> 11ropo(1 il11(1 tllv o t h ~ r s on its endopocl. Okada (19%)
considcv.c.tl t hiit the. f1111etio11 of thcsr spots, c1c~sc1-ibed i ~ s tail-organs,
may t1c1 l~l~c)togt*nic. 111 this c:o~tt~cbction, Dr. A. K. Thsm (personal
c:on~~l~u~~ic;~tioii) il~ti)l.lnt~cI nlc t lriit fishe~~lne~l of the Malay Peninsula
1oc:nte t 11o ~ ~ o s i t
ion of' Irl rgch swi~ l-nls of' A r ~ t ~ s
by their 1 i~rninescence a t
night. IJwifir+ i~lso ~ ) o s ~ i ~ s s ( ~ s
i~ S ~ V I I C ~ I I W
of possibly ll~rni~~ous funct,ion
in t,hv tc~lso~l, wl~icall Ii1114ic!n1.oatl ( 1 !):37) hits tlcbsori botl tis i i rrlriss of ~(41s
n~rrro~ll~tl~~ti [by c~l~ro~~~t~t,ophorcs. I)(!nl)it(' tl~(b I I ~ L I I I C ~ ,
how(w(1r, no oncl
tiits sc*clri trlrc& ligl~t, of' I1'1~i'if~r.
1 1
I l~c. sl)(\(+t,~*i~l corn~)onit,iot~ of' t IN' I I I I I I ~ ~ ~ - H ( ~ C I I ( + P
of s11riln1)s has not
II~*PII ~nc-;~s~~rcvl. but V ~ L ~ ~ O I I S
sl)c~(*i(w ot' iwphiti4siicls a~ntl myc.ttophids
halve tit~rnor~st~t.t~tt?cl l)~-in~itry ~ ) ( ~ i i I ~ s
i n t hoir luminc~,clcencc~ vcry close to
4 7 4
I
i\Icusurc~mt~nt of the i~~tcbnsit~y of emission are available
o111y fo~. t l ~ c . lulninous sc\c*t-etiol~s ot' Ac(~tttheph,:lj'ra puypurea. 2- 8 x
p\l'/c.n~ %ttt it dist-t~l~c.c~ of' I 1,) (Nicol, 1958) and A . pelngicn, I 1.2 x I 0 - 5
p\V/c*~~l "i~t If) ('1r1 ((:Ia~rk(t t at ul., 1 !)(iS). The light intensity from photophorchs 1r111st bv rnuc~li lowtlr t ha11 tJht?sc* values.
1 1
I h o r ~ h;t.vth 1)t:ibt1 viiriolts st,i~t,ernrv~ts otl the fi~nction of biolurni~lcsc*c~~c*c\ illaludi~~g prey i ~ t , t r ~ ~ c t i o l ~ ,
attractiori for swarming or
mating, grey i~voidi~nc:cb a ~ ~ i d
illltlninution of' tlie environment. Fraser
( l !)ti%) ~ I I I ~
('l;~rI;(~ ( I !Hi:#) s11gg(~st(1d t li~lt ~lninltlls J ) O W C H S ~ ~ ~
ventrtil
aLrrtLys ot' ~)liot opt~ol-es ~~t,ilizc t110 t'tnitt,c'd light which shirle(l dournwarti
~ L N iL ('Ollllt(~l'-sllltdillg 111(~('1llLlli~lrl to ('I'iLSC the 8itilollcxttc.. i t ~ O ~ ~ O W S
thtlt
i l l thta ~~lc*sopcblt~gic. zonc., wl~c-I-(. light froin tllv nun is highly rlirc~c~tiot~iil
1111(1 thc visllii1 t,h~'(~sholds of' a ~ n i ~ n t l l n
tire' c~xtrc*rnc~l,y low, thc: shl-irnjw
~vorlld I)(. illvisil)lt~ to })rfxttt~lo1*s lyir~g I~(-fow thcrn. I?oxtor~ (1!170h)
ntat,cscI tlrt~t thcs f'1111ctio11 of t hi' orgalls of I'tast:~ of ,SCT~PR~P.S' i r ~ iiHhOviati011 with a1 st~1nitri111nl)ure11t botly provitles strong sril)port for this
c*c>n~iter-.rha~di~~g f~ypothi-sis.
111 this c~o~~l~(>c*tiot~. re~c~l~tly. N1r .J. 14'. \\'iiltel*s (pt.rsonal caortl111~1aic~iitioti) t'our~tl $111 intft~~.cbstit~g fi3i1t111.c. of' the organs of Prst:l.
A(.clorclit~g to I l i n ~ , S(~lgcs1ra ctrritcrt~s ;irltl 8. rrect~cs have the ability to
r ~ t ~ t e
tilth orgilt~s 01' l'estir no tl~tlt t,he ill~~ttlination is alwt~ys pointed
~OWII\VILL'(I ~*c~gt~~~dloss 01' 1 II(L ori(h11tilti011 of' tll(1 itnimal's body. I have
c*ot~fit-rnc~c~ t liis rilc*c.Iit~ tlistn in ~S(~r!qc~,~/cx .c.ittti/is ar~cl 8. ~ernittwdl~a Hansell,
sligpcbnting t l ~ i ~ t
this t~(Iiil)ti~tio~~ is (+otti111011 in ill1 members of the gelllls
(Pig. 1 1 ). 111 t tic. acliiari~~tn A' . sit)tili.v swi-Lm 1)oth obliquely ilnfl
rr/lnrtlic.~t~s sl1owc.d stcnti~~ cmissioli of blue
ligl~t frtiut ly 1 ingt%cl wit,l~ gl-rc'rl ; t , h c h pl~ot~opl~orc~s of Seryic~ 8ple~tder~s (as
Sf~,g~.~tc.x ric-ltrrr(li) flatsl~crl grc*cllish-l~luc. light irregularly, and those of
,S~r!~i(t r ~ h t t ~ t ~ / ~
~ ~ O ( I I I D ( Y
I 11 ~ t , ( ~ i ~ ( l ~ ,
(l11ll-gr(\e11ish glow. In S O ~ I ~ C
species of'
Af*c~lrs thorc. i1r.c. t,wo or I I I ~ I . ( * pi~iln of' l-c~l spots, onc priir oti the hiisit1
U ~ X I I I ~ ~ I I ~
of th(> 11ropo(1 il11(1 tllv o t h ~ r s on its endopocl. Okada (19%)
considcv.c.tl t hiit the. f1111etio11 of thcsr spots, c1c~sc1-ibed i ~ s tail-organs,
may t1c1 l~l~c)togt*nic. 111 this c:o~tt~cbction, Dr. A. K. Thsm (personal
c:on~~l~u~~ic;~tioii) il~ti)l.lnt~cI nlc t lriit fishe~~lne~l of the Malay Peninsula
1oc:nte t 11o ~ ~ o s i t
ion of' Irl rgch swi~ l-nls of' A r ~ t ~ s
by their 1 i~rninescence a t
night. IJwifir+ i~lso ~ ) o s ~ i ~ s s ( ~ s
i~ S ~ V I I C ~ I I W
of possibly ll~rni~~ous funct,ion
in t,hv tc~lso~l, wl~icall Ii1114ic!n1.oatl ( 1 !):37) hits tlcbsori botl tis i i rrlriss of ~(41s
n~rrro~ll~tl~~ti [by c~l~ro~~~t~t,ophorcs. I)(!nl)it(' tl~(b I I ~ L I I I C ~ ,
how(w(1r, no oncl
tiits sc*clri trlrc& ligl~t, of' I1'1~i'if~r.
1 1
I l~c. sl)(\(+t,~*i~l corn~)onit,iot~ of' t IN' I I I I I I ~ ~ ~ - H ( ~ C I I ( + P
of s11riln1)s has not
II~*PII ~nc-;~s~~rcvl. but V ~ L ~ ~ O I I S
sl)c~(*i(w ot' iwphiti4siicls a~ntl myc.ttophids
halve tit~rnor~st~t.t~tt?cl l)~-in~itry ~ ) ( ~ i i I ~ s
i n t hoir luminc~,clcencc~ vcry close to
4 7 4
I
i\Icusurc~mt~nt of the i~~tcbnsit~y of emission are available
o111y fo~. t l ~ c . lulninous sc\c*t-etiol~s ot' Ac(~tttheph,:lj'ra puypurea. 2- 8 x
p\l'/c.n~ %ttt it dist-t~l~c.c~ of' I 1,) (Nicol, 1958) and A . pelngicn, I 1.2 x I 0 - 5
p\V/c*~~l "i~t If) ('1r1 ((:Ia~rk(t t at ul., 1 !)(iS). The light intensity from photophorchs 1r111st bv rnuc~li lowtlr t ha11 tJht?sc* values.
1 1
I h o r ~ h;t.vth 1)t:ibt1 viiriolts st,i~t,ernrv~ts otl the fi~nction of biolurni~lcsc*c~~c*c\ illaludi~~g prey i ~ t , t r ~ ~ c t i o l ~ ,
attractiori for swarming or
mating, grey i~voidi~nc:cb a ~ ~ i d
illltlninution of' tlie environment. Fraser
( l !)ti%) ~ I I I ~
('l;~rI;(~ ( I !Hi:#) s11gg(~st(1d t li~lt ~lninltlls J ) O W C H S ~ ~ ~
ventrtil
aLrrtLys ot' ~)liot opt~ol-es ~~t,ilizc t110 t'tnitt,c'd light which shirle(l dournwarti
~ L N iL ('Ollllt(~l'-sllltdillg 111(~('1llLlli~lrl to ('I'iLSC the 8itilollcxttc.. i t ~ O ~ ~ O W S
thtlt
i l l thta ~~lc*sopcblt~gic. zonc., wl~c-I-(. light froin tllv nun is highly rlirc~c~tiot~iil
1111(1 thc visllii1 t,h~'(~sholds of' a ~ n i ~ n t l l n
tire' c~xtrc*rnc~l,y low, thc: shl-irnjw
~vorlld I)(. illvisil)lt~ to })rfxttt~lo1*s lyir~g I~(-fow thcrn. I?oxtor~ (1!170h)
ntat,cscI tlrt~t thcs f'1111ctio11 of t hi' orgalls of I'tast:~ of ,SCT~PR~P.S' i r ~ iiHhOviati011 with a1 st~1nitri111nl)ure11t botly provitles strong sril)port for this
c*c>n~iter-.rha~di~~g f~ypothi-sis.
111 this c~o~~l~(>c*tiot~. re~c~l~tly. N1r .J. 14'. \\'iiltel*s (pt.rsonal caortl111~1aic~iitioti) t'our~tl $111 intft~~.cbstit~g fi3i1t111.c. of' the organs of Prst:l.
A(.clorclit~g to I l i n ~ , S(~lgcs1ra ctrritcrt~s ;irltl 8. rrect~cs have the ability to
r ~ t ~ t e
tilth orgilt~s 01' l'estir no tl~tlt t,he ill~~ttlination is alwt~ys pointed
~OWII\VILL'(I ~*c~gt~~~dloss 01' 1 II(L ori(h11tilti011 of' tll(1 itnimal's body. I have
c*ot~fit-rnc~c~ t liis rilc*c.Iit~ tlistn in ~S(~r!qc~,~/cx .c.ittti/is ar~cl 8. ~ernittwdl~a Hansell,
sligpcbnting t l ~ i ~ t
this t~(Iiil)ti~tio~~ is (+otti111011 in ill1 members of the gelllls
(Pig. 1 1 ). 111 t tic. acliiari~~tn A' . sit)tili.v swi-Lm 1)oth obliquely ilnfl