' 1' 1114: 1 4 1 0 1 , 0 ( 1 ~ o w I'EI.A(:I(' SHRIMPS IN 'L'HE IAN
235
subfanlily Arist,eini~c, occ-urring on thr. cotltintmtal slopo or its vicinity,
have both peli~gicfi and benthi(* phases in fhcir adult life. Similarly,
sonle of tlir 1i~1.g~ i ~ n d hcsvy-hodit~i foi-rns in the genera E'asiphaea,
I'arapasiphw, Acnntlbeph.!jrc~ a n d I'nrpnndnZw show evidence indici~ting t1i:~t thcy arc not pelagic* 1)1rt totic1 to live 011 or close to the
seu-fioor as adtrlts.
Generally, rnetnbcrs of' t , h ~ gencri~ r l c ~ t ~ s ,
Peisos and Lucijer are
pelagic ~hritnps ititlsbiting inshore or neritic waters. Some occur even
in arcas of st~lirlity less than 20%, and are frequently common in
estuaries and bacliwaters. Occ.asiondly, a few species of the genera
E'unchlin, Sergestes, Sergia and Pasiphaen also occur on shelf water.
Offshore or oceanic inhabitants are represented by the genera Bentheogennema, Qennodas, Sergestes, Sergia, Yetalidium, Oplophorus, Acanthephym, Hgrnenodorn, &stellaspis and Parapandalwr.
There is an isolated group of pelagic decapod crustaceans in the
furrlily Gnlatheidae (Anomura), although they are not true shrimp. It
is well known that post-larvae and adolescents (Grimothea stage) of
Jlunida gregnrin (F~~brici~is), Plruron,codes wtonodon (H. Milrie Edwards)
ancl P. plnnipes Stimpson appear in v a ~ t
swarms respectively in the
surfiirc wstcrs off New Zet~lantl--Stlbarctic islands-Patagonia, PeruChile imd in the (: ulf of (!i~lifor~lir~.
'rhe systcsm:itPic.s and taxononly of pelagic shrimps have made
tnucll progress in nunirrons contributions published since the various
occanogrz~phic rc~set~rch expeditions by European countries and the
[Jnitcd Str~tes during the period from lr~te nineteenth to mid-twentieth
centuries. However, the species within the genera have not been
tIio~.oughly desc.rihed yet. Thcrr* is still somcl confusion in t,hc taxonomy,
and thc 1111tnbc.1. of species ix not known in many genera. Turning to tho
litc~rat~ure, I)SL~J(TS by R~LI'I~~LI'(~ ( l !)SO), Burkc:1irot~(1 (1 936, I 1137, 19401,
Mnnse~i ( I 019, 1922), Kr~ril) (I!) 17), Kensky (197 1 ), Pathanxali (1966),
P{*tit (1!)73) Sr~nd (1920) rind Ytcltlwyn ( I 957) are important contributions to t t ~ e trrxonomy of penaeids (family Penaeidae) and sergestids
( f i rnilg 8ergcstitl;te); those by Ralss (1 926), Chace (1 936, 1940, 1947),
Holthius (1!)55), Kemp (1939), Sivertsen and Holthiuu (1956), Smith
(1 884). Sttyhcnscn ( 1 923) ilnci Suntl (1 9 12) ;Ire csscntial for the identific;~ tion of t hc ca rids (section Ctlridea).
Regcirdiny the ~ysternatics of the genus Sery~,qtes s. 1.. Yaldwyn
( 1957) drfined two subgenera, nitnicly Sergestes s. s. A. Ililne Edwards,
1830, nntl Sr~r!jin Stimpson. 1660. AH desc~ribecl later, the morphological diili~rt~t~c.cn between the two sul)gencm are cons~~icuous not
only in tlw str~icturr of luniinc~scc~nee organH but also in the type of
early devclopnlc*nt+tl stages. I am thorefore of the opinion that these
235
subfanlily Arist,eini~c, occ-urring on thr. cotltintmtal slopo or its vicinity,
have both peli~gicfi and benthi(* phases in fhcir adult life. Similarly,
sonle of tlir 1i~1.g~ i ~ n d hcsvy-hodit~i foi-rns in the genera E'asiphaea,
I'arapasiphw, Acnntlbeph.!jrc~ a n d I'nrpnndnZw show evidence indici~ting t1i:~t thcy arc not pelagic* 1)1rt totic1 to live 011 or close to the
seu-fioor as adtrlts.
Generally, rnetnbcrs of' t , h ~ gencri~ r l c ~ t ~ s ,
Peisos and Lucijer are
pelagic ~hritnps ititlsbiting inshore or neritic waters. Some occur even
in arcas of st~lirlity less than 20%, and are frequently common in
estuaries and bacliwaters. Occ.asiondly, a few species of the genera
E'unchlin, Sergestes, Sergia and Pasiphaen also occur on shelf water.
Offshore or oceanic inhabitants are represented by the genera Bentheogennema, Qennodas, Sergestes, Sergia, Yetalidium, Oplophorus, Acanthephym, Hgrnenodorn, &stellaspis and Parapandalwr.
There is an isolated group of pelagic decapod crustaceans in the
furrlily Gnlatheidae (Anomura), although they are not true shrimp. It
is well known that post-larvae and adolescents (Grimothea stage) of
Jlunida gregnrin (F~~brici~is), Plruron,codes wtonodon (H. Milrie Edwards)
ancl P. plnnipes Stimpson appear in v a ~ t
swarms respectively in the
surfiirc wstcrs off New Zet~lantl--Stlbarctic islands-Patagonia, PeruChile imd in the (: ulf of (!i~lifor~lir~.
'rhe systcsm:itPic.s and taxononly of pelagic shrimps have made
tnucll progress in nunirrons contributions published since the various
occanogrz~phic rc~set~rch expeditions by European countries and the
[Jnitcd Str~tes during the period from lr~te nineteenth to mid-twentieth
centuries. However, the species within the genera have not been
tIio~.oughly desc.rihed yet. Thcrr* is still somcl confusion in t,hc taxonomy,
and thc 1111tnbc.1. of species ix not known in many genera. Turning to tho
litc~rat~ure, I)SL~J(TS by R~LI'I~~LI'(~ ( l !)SO), Burkc:1irot~(1 (1 936, I 1137, 19401,
Mnnse~i ( I 019, 1922), Kr~ril) (I!) 17), Kensky (197 1 ), Pathanxali (1966),
P{*tit (1!)73) Sr~nd (1920) rind Ytcltlwyn ( I 957) are important contributions to t t ~ e trrxonomy of penaeids (family Penaeidae) and sergestids
( f i rnilg 8ergcstitl;te); those by Ralss (1 926), Chace (1 936, 1940, 1947),
Holthius (1!)55), Kemp (1939), Sivertsen and Holthiuu (1956), Smith
(1 884). Sttyhcnscn ( 1 923) ilnci Suntl (1 9 12) ;Ire csscntial for the identific;~ tion of t hc ca rids (section Ctlridea).
Regcirdiny the ~ysternatics of the genus Sery~,qtes s. 1.. Yaldwyn
( 1957) drfined two subgenera, nitnicly Sergestes s. s. A. Ililne Edwards,
1830, nntl Sr~r!jin Stimpson. 1660. AH desc~ribecl later, the morphological diili~rt~t~c.cn between the two sul)gencm are cons~~icuous not
only in tlw str~icturr of luniinc~scc~nee organH but also in the type of
early devclopnlc*nt+tl stages. I am thorefore of the opinion that these