THE BIOLOGY OF PELAGIC SHRIMPS
IN THE OCEAN
Occnn I i ~ s ~ a r r h
I ~ t s t i t
ute .
Ti~~iverui/y of Tok!jo.
Nnkuno. Tokgo. . J n p n
Introt111et~io11 . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. . . .
Qnric.rnl Fo~tt~urea of l'okgie Shrirnpu
. .
Biomaaw . .
. .
. . . .
. .
. . . .
Vtwt. icnl I)i~t.riln~t. iorl and Holntotl I'rohlrtnl~ . . . .
A . Go~~erel Vortical I)intribut.io~~ . .
. .
B . I)iurnal Migmtit>n . . . .
. .
. .
. .
. . . .
1) . Sonic Scattering Laycm . .
. . . .
(?olour aritl Rioluminoucc(nce . .
. .
. .
. .
Shoaling
. .
. . . . . . . . . .
Lift3 History
. .
. .
. .
. . . . . .
A . Spuwning . .
. .
. .
. . . .
13 . Ilcrvniopmont
. .
. .
. . . .
(1 . Growth. Maturity. 140r~gcwity uncl Mort~lit~y
1) . 1)i~poraion anrl Migrat. ion . .
. .
. .
Fooct Relut.ion.ships
. .
. .
. . . . . .
A . Fooci and Feotlirig . .
. .
. .
. .
I3 . I'rodatow . . . . . . . . . .
Chonlictnl (!ornpt~uit~iot~ . . . . . . . .
. .
l m ~ ~ o r t n ~ ~ o r ?
of 1'1~lnpic Shrir~llls ax I"ootl Hr~ourct-s . .
Summary
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
Acktiowl~tdgc~tnt~rit* . . . . . . . . . .
Rofrr~?ncrs
. .
. .
. .
. .
. . . .
1 . I.\TROI)U(~TION
Since t. tie timc of the Challt*nger F:xpc!dition in 1873-76. the occurrence of bright red pelagio shrimps in the mid and deep waters of the
ocean hlis been known . Recent ly HI uch attention has been paid to their
role in the productivity of the ocean . I'ossibly. the feeding of shrimp8
links zooplankton and lusgc l~riirnals of the higher trophic levels in the
food chains a ~ i d tra11sports organic matter produced in the upper layers
to the lower l q e r s t'hrough vertical migrations . Our knowledge of
such problems is limited due to the lack of basic information on the
biology and ecology of pelagic shrimps .
In oceanic waters pelagic shrimps are mostly distributed in water
below 160 m depth by day . Usually. they are taken only in small
233
IN THE OCEAN
Occnn I i ~ s ~ a r r h
I ~ t s t i t
ute .
Ti~~iverui/y of Tok!jo.
Nnkuno. Tokgo. . J n p n
Introt111et~io11 . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. . . .
Qnric.rnl Fo~tt~urea of l'okgie Shrirnpu
. .
Biomaaw . .
. .
. . . .
. .
. . . .
Vtwt. icnl I)i~t.riln~t. iorl and Holntotl I'rohlrtnl~ . . . .
A . Go~~erel Vortical I)intribut.io~~ . .
. .
B . I)iurnal Migmtit>n . . . .
. .
. .
. .
. . . .
1) . Sonic Scattering Laycm . .
. . . .
(?olour aritl Rioluminoucc(nce . .
. .
. .
. .
Shoaling
. .
. . . . . . . . . .
Lift3 History
. .
. .
. .
. . . . . .
A . Spuwning . .
. .
. .
. . . .
13 . Ilcrvniopmont
. .
. .
. . . .
(1 . Growth. Maturity. 140r~gcwity uncl Mort~lit~y
1) . 1)i~poraion anrl Migrat. ion . .
. .
. .
Fooct Relut.ion.ships
. .
. .
. . . . . .
A . Fooci and Feotlirig . .
. .
. .
. .
I3 . I'rodatow . . . . . . . . . .
Chonlictnl (!ornpt~uit~iot~ . . . . . . . .
. .
l m ~ ~ o r t n ~ ~ o r ?
of 1'1~lnpic Shrir~llls ax I"ootl Hr~ourct-s . .
Summary
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
Acktiowl~tdgc~tnt~rit* . . . . . . . . . .
Rofrr~?ncrs
. .
. .
. .
. .
. . . .
1 . I.\TROI)U(~TION
Since t. tie timc of the Challt*nger F:xpc!dition in 1873-76. the occurrence of bright red pelagio shrimps in the mid and deep waters of the
ocean hlis been known . Recent ly HI uch attention has been paid to their
role in the productivity of the ocean . I'ossibly. the feeding of shrimp8
links zooplankton and lusgc l~riirnals of the higher trophic levels in the
food chains a ~ i d tra11sports organic matter produced in the upper layers
to the lower l q e r s t'hrough vertical migrations . Our knowledge of
such problems is limited due to the lack of basic information on the
biology and ecology of pelagic shrimps .
In oceanic waters pelagic shrimps are mostly distributed in water
below 160 m depth by day . Usually. they are taken only in small
233