ANTARUTIU BENTHOS
51
Ramsay (1914) wrote up the Nereidae and Pixell (1913) the
serpuliform annelids of the Scottish National expedition. Gravier
(1906a, b, c, 1907a, b, 1911a, b) wrote up the polychaetes from
the f i s t and second Antarctic expeditions. Benham (1927) dealt with
the polychaetes of the B.A.N.Z.A.R. expedition and (1921) those from
the Australian National expedition. The results of the Norwegian
Antarctic expedition were written by Augener (1932a, b). The benthic
material collected by the vessels of the Discovery Investigation was
described by Monro (1930, 1936), the species of Spirorbis much more
recently by Harris (1969).
Results of the more recent collections have been contributed by
Fauvel (1951), Hartman (1952), Ushakov (1957), Levenstein (1964),
Knox (1962). Hartman (1964, 1966) has published two volumes
which aim at bringing together all the previous published records,
giving brief diagnoses of each species, and figures of many. They will
serve as a magnificent base from which the collections amassed in the
last 20 years may be attacked. Hartman (1967b) produced a volume
based on material collected by the Eltanin and the Staten Island, mainly
from the Antarctic.
The families best represented in the Antarctic fauna are: Polynoidae, Syllidae, Terebellidae, Maldanidae, Sabellidae, Serpulidae,
Spionidae, Flabelligeridae, Ampharetidae and Opheliidae (Hartman,
1966). Several families which are well represented in warmer seas have
a poor representation in Antarctic waters. These include the Eunicidae,
Amphinomidae, Sabellariidae and Pectinariidae (Hartman, 1966).
The 457 species of polychaetes reported by Hartman (1966, p. 140)
from south of 50"s include five parasitic, 212 errantiate and at least
240 sedentary species. Of these the five parasitic species, 46 species of
the Errantia and 59 species of Sedentaria, a total of 110 species, are
known from only a single record.
A group including the following species is known only from depths
of 1 000 m or more : Paronuphis abyssorum (Chamberlin), P. benthaliana
(McIntosh), Nothria armandi McIntosh, Onuphis paucibranchis (Ehlers),
Myzostomum compressum von Graff, M . coronatum von Graff, Brada
gravieri McIntosh, Fauveliopsis challengeriae McIntosh, Ilyphugus
coronatus Monro, I . wyvillei (McIntosh), ! Pherusa sarsi (McIntosh),
Ammotrypane nematoides Ehlers, Kesum abyssorum Monro, Grubianella
antarctica McIntosh, Melinna buski McIntosh, Ampharetides vanhoefleni Ehlers, Potamethus scotiae (Pixell) and Apomatus brownii
Pixell.
Of the Antarctic and Subantarctic polychaetes listed by Hartman
(1966) less than 10% are cosmopolitan species, or those known from
51
Ramsay (1914) wrote up the Nereidae and Pixell (1913) the
serpuliform annelids of the Scottish National expedition. Gravier
(1906a, b, c, 1907a, b, 1911a, b) wrote up the polychaetes from
the f i s t and second Antarctic expeditions. Benham (1927) dealt with
the polychaetes of the B.A.N.Z.A.R. expedition and (1921) those from
the Australian National expedition. The results of the Norwegian
Antarctic expedition were written by Augener (1932a, b). The benthic
material collected by the vessels of the Discovery Investigation was
described by Monro (1930, 1936), the species of Spirorbis much more
recently by Harris (1969).
Results of the more recent collections have been contributed by
Fauvel (1951), Hartman (1952), Ushakov (1957), Levenstein (1964),
Knox (1962). Hartman (1964, 1966) has published two volumes
which aim at bringing together all the previous published records,
giving brief diagnoses of each species, and figures of many. They will
serve as a magnificent base from which the collections amassed in the
last 20 years may be attacked. Hartman (1967b) produced a volume
based on material collected by the Eltanin and the Staten Island, mainly
from the Antarctic.
The families best represented in the Antarctic fauna are: Polynoidae, Syllidae, Terebellidae, Maldanidae, Sabellidae, Serpulidae,
Spionidae, Flabelligeridae, Ampharetidae and Opheliidae (Hartman,
1966). Several families which are well represented in warmer seas have
a poor representation in Antarctic waters. These include the Eunicidae,
Amphinomidae, Sabellariidae and Pectinariidae (Hartman, 1966).
The 457 species of polychaetes reported by Hartman (1966, p. 140)
from south of 50"s include five parasitic, 212 errantiate and at least
240 sedentary species. Of these the five parasitic species, 46 species of
the Errantia and 59 species of Sedentaria, a total of 110 species, are
known from only a single record.
A group including the following species is known only from depths
of 1 000 m or more : Paronuphis abyssorum (Chamberlin), P. benthaliana
(McIntosh), Nothria armandi McIntosh, Onuphis paucibranchis (Ehlers),
Myzostomum compressum von Graff, M . coronatum von Graff, Brada
gravieri McIntosh, Fauveliopsis challengeriae McIntosh, Ilyphugus
coronatus Monro, I . wyvillei (McIntosh), ! Pherusa sarsi (McIntosh),
Ammotrypane nematoides Ehlers, Kesum abyssorum Monro, Grubianella
antarctica McIntosh, Melinna buski McIntosh, Ampharetides vanhoefleni Ehlers, Potamethus scotiae (Pixell) and Apomatus brownii
Pixell.
Of the Antarctic and Subantarctic polychaetes listed by Hartman
(1966) less than 10% are cosmopolitan species, or those known from