360
P. 9. MEADOWS AND J. I. CAMX'BELL
11. The habitat preferences of closely related species living in
different habitats correspond to their habitat. When the species a10
sympatric, that is, are living in the same locality, their different
preferences will be important in mitigating interspecific competition.
Interspecific competition will be more important where there is no
difference in preferences. Differences in habitat preferences can
extend down to a subspecific level.
12. A species occasionally lives in two contrasting habitats.
Individuals from the contrasting habitats have contrasting habitat
preferences.
13. Habitat selection by behavioural mutants is discussed.
14. New habitats may be colonized by individuals whose behaviour
is atypical of the species, by mutant individuals, or by animals
becoming conditioned to an initially unfavourable habitat (cf. olfactory
conditioning in insects).
16. The role of habitat selection in the sympatric origin of new
species is considered.
XI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank Dr J. G. Amos, Dr A. D. Boney, Dr R. A.
Crowson, Dr W. D. Edgar, Dr A. F. G. Dixon, Dr J . S. Gray, Dr A. R.
Hill, Mr J. B. C. Jackson, Dr T. A. Norton, Dr A. Manning, Dr J. S.
Ryland, Dr D. P. Wilson, Dr J. D. Woodley, for their comments and
criticism, and Sir Frederick Russell and Sir Maurice Yonge for their
advice during preparation of the manuscript. We would also like to
thank Mrs A. Bird for invaluable help in the literature survey, Miss E.
Macartney for translating many German papers, and Mrs P. F. Rowan,
Miss C. Swarm and, in the latter stages, Miss M. T. Emerson, for their
help in the preparation of the article.
The final preparations of parts of this paper were undertaken by
correspondence between J.I.C. and P.S.M. while one of us (P.S.M.)
was on a sabbatical year's leave of absence from the University of
Glasgow (1970/71). He is grateful to the Nuffield Foundation for
financial support in the form of a Travelling Fellowship in Tropical
Marine Biology which enabled him to visit the West Indies, and also
to Professor Ivan Goodbody, of the Department of Zoology, University
of the West Indies, Jamaica, for his unstinting help in many directions.
The authors gratefully acknowledge a grant from the Royal Society to
purchase an underwater camera and diving equipment which enabled
many animals to be observed in their natural habitats.
P. 9. MEADOWS AND J. I. CAMX'BELL
11. The habitat preferences of closely related species living in
different habitats correspond to their habitat. When the species a10
sympatric, that is, are living in the same locality, their different
preferences will be important in mitigating interspecific competition.
Interspecific competition will be more important where there is no
difference in preferences. Differences in habitat preferences can
extend down to a subspecific level.
12. A species occasionally lives in two contrasting habitats.
Individuals from the contrasting habitats have contrasting habitat
preferences.
13. Habitat selection by behavioural mutants is discussed.
14. New habitats may be colonized by individuals whose behaviour
is atypical of the species, by mutant individuals, or by animals
becoming conditioned to an initially unfavourable habitat (cf. olfactory
conditioning in insects).
16. The role of habitat selection in the sympatric origin of new
species is considered.
XI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank Dr J. G. Amos, Dr A. D. Boney, Dr R. A.
Crowson, Dr W. D. Edgar, Dr A. F. G. Dixon, Dr J . S. Gray, Dr A. R.
Hill, Mr J. B. C. Jackson, Dr T. A. Norton, Dr A. Manning, Dr J. S.
Ryland, Dr D. P. Wilson, Dr J. D. Woodley, for their comments and
criticism, and Sir Frederick Russell and Sir Maurice Yonge for their
advice during preparation of the manuscript. We would also like to
thank Mrs A. Bird for invaluable help in the literature survey, Miss E.
Macartney for translating many German papers, and Mrs P. F. Rowan,
Miss C. Swarm and, in the latter stages, Miss M. T. Emerson, for their
help in the preparation of the article.
The final preparations of parts of this paper were undertaken by
correspondence between J.I.C. and P.S.M. while one of us (P.S.M.)
was on a sabbatical year's leave of absence from the University of
Glasgow (1970/71). He is grateful to the Nuffield Foundation for
financial support in the form of a Travelling Fellowship in Tropical
Marine Biology which enabled him to visit the West Indies, and also
to Professor Ivan Goodbody, of the Department of Zoology, University
of the West Indies, Jamaica, for his unstinting help in many directions.
The authors gratefully acknowledge a grant from the Royal Society to
purchase an underwater camera and diving equipment which enabled
many animals to be observed in their natural habitats.