ANTARCTIO BENTHOS
17
TABLE I
Group
Author
Number of
(yo)
species listed Endemic
Littoral fishes
Ascidians
Holothurians (littoral)
Holothurians (abyssal)
Echinoidea
Echinoidea, Ophiuroidea, Asteroidea
(littoral)
Echinoidea, Ophiuroidea, Asteroidea
(abyssal)
Ophiuroidea
Asteroidea
Crinoidea
Pycnogonida
Isopoda
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Bryozoa
Bryozoa, Stenolemata
Nemertea
Polychaetes
Actiniaxia and Zoantharia
Actiniaria
Scleractinian Corals
Octocorals
Hydroids
Hexactinellid sponges
Sponges (Calcarea)
Sponges
Phaeophyceae
Rhodophyta
Regan
Norman
Hartmeyer
Vaney
Vaney
Mortenseri
Koehler
Koehler
Hertz
Fisher
John
Hodgson
Richardson
Lamy
Strebel
Rogick
Hastings
Borg
Joubin
Ehlers
Carlgren
Pax
Molander
Billard
Schulze
Bronsted
Burton
Skottsberg
Kylin
wells
49
96
54
90
44
84
39
85
18
67
27
82
106
77
52
75
89
76
52
69
16
76
77
91
49
78
30
64
26
73
36
89
37
84
24
42
19
84
36
31
16
87
22
86
10
60
16
66
37
55
26
77
52
73
200
67
13
46
20
30
(1) plants and animals of the southern hemisphere have their
dispersal effectively stopped by water temperatures below O' C, and
(2) plants and animals adapted to Antarctic water temperatures,
on the whole, cannot efficiently migrate into warmer water.
Cailleux raised one extremely important point in relation to the
degree of endemism especially when considering the odd situation
demonstrated by the biota of South Georgia. It is obvious, when one
has had the point demonstrated, that if one includes the total fauna of