482
N. BSAKRISHNAN NAIR AND M. SARASWATHY
bark intact without any defective limb spaces and have advised that
piles should not be cut or bored through when constructing the wharf
and that brazings, etc. should be secured with clamps rather than boreholes for bolts, etc., especially in the intertidal zone (Methven, 1914).
The degree of protection offered by barks of timbers in underwater
wooden structures varies greatly, not only in different timbers correlated with their chemical characteristics as suggested by Record and
Hess (1943), but also from place to place depending on the species of
borer involved. In the United States the additional life for bark protected piles has been reported as just a year or two (Hunt and Hill,
1921) while in Australian waters this period is considerably more (Iredale et d., 1932; Rust and Ferguson, 1935).
XXI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are deeply indebted to Sir Maurice Yonge, for scrutinizing the
manuscript, and for making helpful comments and criticisms. We are
grateful to the following for allowing us to reproduce certain figures in
this review : Publications Office, Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts for Fig. 12h from “ A
Survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae ” by Ruth D.
Turner ; Professor Hans Brattstrbm for Figs. 1, 8, 55, 58, and 59 from
the senior author’s article in Publ. Biol. Stasjon. Espegrend, 25, Univ.
Bergen Arbok 1959, Naturv. rekke, Nr. 1 ; and for Figs. 48, 49, 50, 52, 53
and 54 from the senior author’s article in Sarsia, 8, 1962. One of us
(M.S.) is grateful to the University of Kerala for the award of a research
fellowship during the tenure of which the work on Nausitora hedleyi,
Teredo furcifera and Teredora princesae was carried out and to Dr.
N. K. Panikkar, Director, National Institute of Oceanography for
permission to be associated with this work.
XXII. REFERENCES
Adams, L. L. (1941). Use of treated timber and ties by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Proc. Am. Wood Prmerv. A88. 37, 197-202.
Adanson, M. (1765). Description d’une nouvelle espece de ver qui ronge les bois
et les Vaisseaux, observee BU SBnBgal. Hiat. de 1’Acad. royale des Sci. (Paris)
for 1759.
Allan, J. (1950). Australian shells, with related animals, living in the sea, in
fresh water and on land. 470 pp. Melbourno.
Allen, M. S. and Carter, R. H. (1924). Toxicity of certain compounds on marine
wood-boring organisms together with some physiological considerations.
1% “ Marine Structures, their Deterioration and Preservation.” (W. G .
Atwood, ed.) pp. 181-196. National Research Council, Washington D.C.
N. BSAKRISHNAN NAIR AND M. SARASWATHY
bark intact without any defective limb spaces and have advised that
piles should not be cut or bored through when constructing the wharf
and that brazings, etc. should be secured with clamps rather than boreholes for bolts, etc., especially in the intertidal zone (Methven, 1914).
The degree of protection offered by barks of timbers in underwater
wooden structures varies greatly, not only in different timbers correlated with their chemical characteristics as suggested by Record and
Hess (1943), but also from place to place depending on the species of
borer involved. In the United States the additional life for bark protected piles has been reported as just a year or two (Hunt and Hill,
1921) while in Australian waters this period is considerably more (Iredale et d., 1932; Rust and Ferguson, 1935).
XXI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are deeply indebted to Sir Maurice Yonge, for scrutinizing the
manuscript, and for making helpful comments and criticisms. We are
grateful to the following for allowing us to reproduce certain figures in
this review : Publications Office, Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts for Fig. 12h from “ A
Survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae ” by Ruth D.
Turner ; Professor Hans Brattstrbm for Figs. 1, 8, 55, 58, and 59 from
the senior author’s article in Publ. Biol. Stasjon. Espegrend, 25, Univ.
Bergen Arbok 1959, Naturv. rekke, Nr. 1 ; and for Figs. 48, 49, 50, 52, 53
and 54 from the senior author’s article in Sarsia, 8, 1962. One of us
(M.S.) is grateful to the University of Kerala for the award of a research
fellowship during the tenure of which the work on Nausitora hedleyi,
Teredo furcifera and Teredora princesae was carried out and to Dr.
N. K. Panikkar, Director, National Institute of Oceanography for
permission to be associated with this work.
XXII. REFERENCES
Adams, L. L. (1941). Use of treated timber and ties by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Proc. Am. Wood Prmerv. A88. 37, 197-202.
Adanson, M. (1765). Description d’une nouvelle espece de ver qui ronge les bois
et les Vaisseaux, observee BU SBnBgal. Hiat. de 1’Acad. royale des Sci. (Paris)
for 1759.
Allan, J. (1950). Australian shells, with related animals, living in the sea, in
fresh water and on land. 470 pp. Melbourno.
Allen, M. S. and Carter, R. H. (1924). Toxicity of certain compounds on marine
wood-boring organisms together with some physiological considerations.
1% “ Marine Structures, their Deterioration and Preservation.” (W. G .
Atwood, ed.) pp. 181-196. National Research Council, Washington D.C.