296
D. H. CUSHINO
Jensen and Angot in the same region; as tlic reason for the higher
values is obscure, they have not been used.
Figure 13 gives Koblentz-Mishke's production in thc Pacific in
gC/m2 per day. The high latitude divergences (at latitudes >40°) are
shown both in the north and south. Off California, the coastal upwelling is shown as the region of divergence in the California Current
south-west of Baja California. The upwelling area off Peru from Arica
northwards is shown clearly, as is the great area of divergences in the
eastern tropical Pacific between the two equatorial currents, the
California and Peru Currents. Along the equator and a little to the
north are shown the divergences of the South Equatorial Current ; from
140"W to the Galapagos Islands the higher production above the
Cromwell Undercurrent is clearly delineated. There are areas of high
production off New Guinea and the Philippines as well as between New
Zealand and eastern Australia. Not only is the whole area of the
Alaska gyral apparently highly productive, but so is the area off Japan
and to the south-east of it. There is no direct evidence of upwelling in
the Kuroshio, but the production between 25"N and 40"N appears to
be as high as it is in the eastern Pacific at the same latitudes.
In the Atlantic, there are some observations on the African coast,
mainly from the " Galathea " Expedition. There are a few observations
in the two southern areas of the Canary upwelling during November on
that expedition, but recently Corcoran and Mahnken (1969) have published observations off Senegal in July and August, in the Guinea Dome
and off Ghana during the same period. Again, recently Lloyd (1970)
has published observations from the Canary Current proper off Cape
Blanc during the upwelling period. Nellen (1969) has also published
radiocarbon observations from the west African area. The Canary
Current appears to be a rich area, comparable to that off southern
Arabia or Peru in intensity (gC/m2 per day), if not as extensive or as
enduring as the latter. An unexpectedly rich upwelling is that off
Ghana, equally as intense as the major upwellings, for a few months in
a rather small area. The Guinea Dome is extensive, but the production
is not so intense as in the coastal upwellings. In the Benguela Current
there is adequate coverage in all four regions during the period December to January, sampling the main period of upwelling, but the season
is more extensive than this in some parts of the region ; the mean values
have been ascribed to the whole season.
In the Indian Ocean, observations from the " Vityaz " and the
"Anton Bruun " cover the Somali Current, the southern Arabian upwelling and the Madagascar wedge. The observations in the western
half of the Arabian Sea are summarized by Wooster et al. (1967). A
D. H. CUSHINO
Jensen and Angot in the same region; as tlic reason for the higher
values is obscure, they have not been used.
Figure 13 gives Koblentz-Mishke's production in thc Pacific in
gC/m2 per day. The high latitude divergences (at latitudes >40°) are
shown both in the north and south. Off California, the coastal upwelling is shown as the region of divergence in the California Current
south-west of Baja California. The upwelling area off Peru from Arica
northwards is shown clearly, as is the great area of divergences in the
eastern tropical Pacific between the two equatorial currents, the
California and Peru Currents. Along the equator and a little to the
north are shown the divergences of the South Equatorial Current ; from
140"W to the Galapagos Islands the higher production above the
Cromwell Undercurrent is clearly delineated. There are areas of high
production off New Guinea and the Philippines as well as between New
Zealand and eastern Australia. Not only is the whole area of the
Alaska gyral apparently highly productive, but so is the area off Japan
and to the south-east of it. There is no direct evidence of upwelling in
the Kuroshio, but the production between 25"N and 40"N appears to
be as high as it is in the eastern Pacific at the same latitudes.
In the Atlantic, there are some observations on the African coast,
mainly from the " Galathea " Expedition. There are a few observations
in the two southern areas of the Canary upwelling during November on
that expedition, but recently Corcoran and Mahnken (1969) have published observations off Senegal in July and August, in the Guinea Dome
and off Ghana during the same period. Again, recently Lloyd (1970)
has published observations from the Canary Current proper off Cape
Blanc during the upwelling period. Nellen (1969) has also published
radiocarbon observations from the west African area. The Canary
Current appears to be a rich area, comparable to that off southern
Arabia or Peru in intensity (gC/m2 per day), if not as extensive or as
enduring as the latter. An unexpectedly rich upwelling is that off
Ghana, equally as intense as the major upwellings, for a few months in
a rather small area. The Guinea Dome is extensive, but the production
is not so intense as in the coastal upwellings. In the Benguela Current
there is adequate coverage in all four regions during the period December to January, sampling the main period of upwelling, but the season
is more extensive than this in some parts of the region ; the mean values
have been ascribed to the whole season.
In the Indian Ocean, observations from the " Vityaz " and the
"Anton Bruun " cover the Somali Current, the southern Arabian upwelling and the Madagascar wedge. The observations in the western
half of the Arabian Sea are summarized by Wooster et al. (1967). A