204
C . F. HICKLING
Trials with fertilizers are giving results with varying degrees of
success; especially notable is the promise of urea as a fertilizer for
algae.
Tang (1967) has shown that the methods of multiple stocking, so
successful in Taiwan, give equally notable increases of fish crops in the
Philippines. The intensive use of the ponds in Java and the Philippines
by rearing successive crops of fingerlings bought from specialist fry
farmers is a forward-looking development.
The ultimate in the intensive use of ponds or enclosures is in the
eel, yellowtail and Kuruma prawn raising industries. Development
along such lines is the most likely outcome for the future, at least
in the industrial countries. But the problems of expansion of this
industry are not small, for example the search for an economic fodder,
and the transport requirements of a large-scale outfit.
C. Need for long-term credits
Schuster (1952) says that short-term loans are willingly taken up
and given by the banks, and that such loans give much relief in matters
such as the purchase of fry. The ponds are taken as security for these
short-term loans. But Schuster also considers that the most urgent
need is for long-term credits, with which improvements t o the ponds
can be made. He thinks that the loans could easily be serviced on the
increased rate of production which the loans would make possible,
provided expert control is kept over the transactions.
The rapid and successful expansion of the fishpond industry in the
Philippines, mentioned earlier, is undoubtedly due to the loans policy
of the Development Bank of the Philippines. This bank employs
technically trained staff who can advise and assist prospective as well
as existing fishpond operators (Rabanal, 1961). The same Bank makes
loans for the prawn-farming industry (Caces-Borja and Rasalan, 1967),
and their technical staff advises on husbandry procedures and on
sources of fry. No doubt the matter of security for these long-term
loans is made easier by these technical officers who can closely supervise the recipients.
Another aspect of subsidy to the Philippine pond operators is
their sensible classification as farmers, whereby they can procure
subsidized fertilizers for their ponds.
(foodsell (1959) found that credits or financial assistance to pond
operators are inadequate, and, even when available, more expensive
than credit for agricultural enterprises. Rural financing is very expensive in the under-developed countries, and even when some kind of
organized credit is available, interest rates are seldom less than
C . F. HICKLING
Trials with fertilizers are giving results with varying degrees of
success; especially notable is the promise of urea as a fertilizer for
algae.
Tang (1967) has shown that the methods of multiple stocking, so
successful in Taiwan, give equally notable increases of fish crops in the
Philippines. The intensive use of the ponds in Java and the Philippines
by rearing successive crops of fingerlings bought from specialist fry
farmers is a forward-looking development.
The ultimate in the intensive use of ponds or enclosures is in the
eel, yellowtail and Kuruma prawn raising industries. Development
along such lines is the most likely outcome for the future, at least
in the industrial countries. But the problems of expansion of this
industry are not small, for example the search for an economic fodder,
and the transport requirements of a large-scale outfit.
C. Need for long-term credits
Schuster (1952) says that short-term loans are willingly taken up
and given by the banks, and that such loans give much relief in matters
such as the purchase of fry. The ponds are taken as security for these
short-term loans. But Schuster also considers that the most urgent
need is for long-term credits, with which improvements t o the ponds
can be made. He thinks that the loans could easily be serviced on the
increased rate of production which the loans would make possible,
provided expert control is kept over the transactions.
The rapid and successful expansion of the fishpond industry in the
Philippines, mentioned earlier, is undoubtedly due to the loans policy
of the Development Bank of the Philippines. This bank employs
technically trained staff who can advise and assist prospective as well
as existing fishpond operators (Rabanal, 1961). The same Bank makes
loans for the prawn-farming industry (Caces-Borja and Rasalan, 1967),
and their technical staff advises on husbandry procedures and on
sources of fry. No doubt the matter of security for these long-term
loans is made easier by these technical officers who can closely supervise the recipients.
Another aspect of subsidy to the Philippine pond operators is
their sensible classification as farmers, whereby they can procure
subsidized fertilizers for their ponds.
(foodsell (1959) found that credits or financial assistance to pond
operators are inadequate, and, even when available, more expensive
than credit for agricultural enterprises. Rural financing is very expensive in the under-developed countries, and even when some kind of
organized credit is available, interest rates are seldom less than