ESTUARINE F I S H FARMING
199
of the broiler-house, not of the farm. The limit is set only by the
availability of dissolved oxygen, the removal of the waste products
of the fish, freedom from disease, and plentiful cheap fodder.
I n Table V below, the rates of production quoted are those for fish
raised on the resources of the pond itself, improved by husbandry, and
with the minimum of supplementary feeding.
TABLE V
Country
Author
Fish crop, kglhectare or lblacre
&tang de Biguglia
Belloc, 1938
Russian limans
Ilin, 1954
Hawaii
Cobb, 1901
India
Pillay, 1954
Italy
de Angelis, 1960
Pakrasi et al., 1964
Beadle, 1946
d’dncona, 1954
Singapore
le Mare, 1950
le Mare, 1949
Philippines
Rabanal, 1961
Frey, 1947
Tang, 1967
Java
Schuster, 1952
Taiwan
Lin. 1968
130 kg/hectare
About 50 kg/hectare ; but Pokrovski
liman, 60 acres, 33-750 kg/hectare ;
Shabolatsky, 3 000 acres, 2-54 kg/
hectare; Sasik, 19 500 hectare, 0.811.6 kg/hectare
176 lb/acre
100-150 Ib/acre
858-1 244 kg/hectare
90-170 kg/hectare
60-100 kg/hectare
150 kg/hectare
Tilapia, 1 500 lb/acre
Prawns 505, fish 250, total 755 Ib/acre
470 kg/hoctare
500-1 000 kg/hectare
500 kg/hectare
147-627 kglhectare
940 kg/hectare in 1947 to 1 863 in 1966,
maximum 2 500 kg/hectare
VIII. PROFITABILITY
It is a very difficult matter to obtain information on profitability.
The fact that fish farming is carried out shows that it must pay.
Schuster (1952) relates how attempts to assess profitability through
questionnaires failed through the canniness of the people. But, as he
says, the prosperity of the operators of the brackish-water fishponds of
Indonesia made a reasonable profit very probable. The ponds give
many products, other than fish and prawns, which, though hardly
assessable on a cash basis, contribute t o the welfare of the operators,
and make high cash returns less essential than to a western-style
business.
Schuster operated a number of test ponds, the results of which he
summarized. These data have been used by Hofstede et al. (1953).
They calculate that the rate of return on invested capital, in
199
of the broiler-house, not of the farm. The limit is set only by the
availability of dissolved oxygen, the removal of the waste products
of the fish, freedom from disease, and plentiful cheap fodder.
I n Table V below, the rates of production quoted are those for fish
raised on the resources of the pond itself, improved by husbandry, and
with the minimum of supplementary feeding.
TABLE V
Country
Author
Fish crop, kglhectare or lblacre
&tang de Biguglia
Belloc, 1938
Russian limans
Ilin, 1954
Hawaii
Cobb, 1901
India
Pillay, 1954
Italy
de Angelis, 1960
Pakrasi et al., 1964
Beadle, 1946
d’dncona, 1954
Singapore
le Mare, 1950
le Mare, 1949
Philippines
Rabanal, 1961
Frey, 1947
Tang, 1967
Java
Schuster, 1952
Taiwan
Lin. 1968
130 kg/hectare
About 50 kg/hectare ; but Pokrovski
liman, 60 acres, 33-750 kg/hectare ;
Shabolatsky, 3 000 acres, 2-54 kg/
hectare; Sasik, 19 500 hectare, 0.811.6 kg/hectare
176 lb/acre
100-150 Ib/acre
858-1 244 kg/hectare
90-170 kg/hectare
60-100 kg/hectare
150 kg/hectare
Tilapia, 1 500 lb/acre
Prawns 505, fish 250, total 755 Ib/acre
470 kg/hoctare
500-1 000 kg/hectare
500 kg/hectare
147-627 kglhectare
940 kg/hectare in 1947 to 1 863 in 1966,
maximum 2 500 kg/hectare
VIII. PROFITABILITY
It is a very difficult matter to obtain information on profitability.
The fact that fish farming is carried out shows that it must pay.
Schuster (1952) relates how attempts to assess profitability through
questionnaires failed through the canniness of the people. But, as he
says, the prosperity of the operators of the brackish-water fishponds of
Indonesia made a reasonable profit very probable. The ponds give
many products, other than fish and prawns, which, though hardly
assessable on a cash basis, contribute t o the welfare of the operators,
and make high cash returns less essential than to a western-style
business.
Schuster operated a number of test ponds, the results of which he
summarized. These data have been used by Hofstede et al. (1953).
They calculate that the rate of return on invested capital, in