192
C. F. HICKLINU
intensively used. The dealers bring the fingerlings to the ponds by livewell boat or barge. No doubt these fingerlings are expensive, but so
also must be the few survivors of the fry bought by the non-specialist
farmers. The fast growth and intensive rearing of the bought fingerlings
must give a good margin of profit. Chanos fry can be raised to fingerlings in the Philippines and may be kept on a subsistence ration for as
long as two years, so as to be available for sale at times when the
supply of fry is short. Such specialist fry dealers must play a most
useful part in the industry.
A variation of this type of continuous cropping is to be found in
East Java, according to Schuster (1952). Some of the pond operators
keep a large stock of fingerlings which they transfer to the rearing ponds
at a rate of stocking per acre carefully calculated to give a succession of
marketable Chanos all the year round.
J. Chanos culture in the Philippines
I n the Philippines, Chanos fry are available for capture from
March to September with the peak in May to June. Specialization
in rearing Chanos has gone far, and though the common practice is still
for each farmer to rear his own fry to marketable size, the rearing of the
fry to the fingerling stage has become an industry in itself, (Mane et nl.,
1952).
A brief account of the management of the fry ponds has already
been given, and the management of the rearing ponds is similar, except
that the object is to grow " lumut " or green algae rather than bluegreen algae. There are repeated flushings of the pond bottom followed
by a dry period. A thin crust of " lab-lab " forms, which must be
removed (Esguerra, 1951). Then water is allowed to enter, and pieces
of soil infected with green algae are planted to give the new crop of
green algae a good start.
Frey (1947) also states that the rearing ponds are flushed out and
sun-dried before the Chanos fingerlings are stocked. The ponds are then
flooded with saline water to a depth of 10-15 cm, because this greater
initial depth of water will favour the growth of the green filamentous
algae, or " lumut ", rather than the complex of blue-green algae or
" lab-lab ". After the growth of " lumut " has well started, the depth
of the water is increased to a depth of 30-50 cm.
Mane et al. (1952) state that, in the Philippines, there are big
holdings of brackish-water fishpond areas, some as large as 1000
hectares. They agree that shallow water (3-5 cm) favours the strong
growth of " lab-lab " and deeper water that of " lumut ". After the
fingerlings have been stocked, a t a rate of 1000-1 500 per hectare,
C. F. HICKLINU
intensively used. The dealers bring the fingerlings to the ponds by livewell boat or barge. No doubt these fingerlings are expensive, but so
also must be the few survivors of the fry bought by the non-specialist
farmers. The fast growth and intensive rearing of the bought fingerlings
must give a good margin of profit. Chanos fry can be raised to fingerlings in the Philippines and may be kept on a subsistence ration for as
long as two years, so as to be available for sale at times when the
supply of fry is short. Such specialist fry dealers must play a most
useful part in the industry.
A variation of this type of continuous cropping is to be found in
East Java, according to Schuster (1952). Some of the pond operators
keep a large stock of fingerlings which they transfer to the rearing ponds
at a rate of stocking per acre carefully calculated to give a succession of
marketable Chanos all the year round.
J. Chanos culture in the Philippines
I n the Philippines, Chanos fry are available for capture from
March to September with the peak in May to June. Specialization
in rearing Chanos has gone far, and though the common practice is still
for each farmer to rear his own fry to marketable size, the rearing of the
fry to the fingerling stage has become an industry in itself, (Mane et nl.,
1952).
A brief account of the management of the fry ponds has already
been given, and the management of the rearing ponds is similar, except
that the object is to grow " lumut " or green algae rather than bluegreen algae. There are repeated flushings of the pond bottom followed
by a dry period. A thin crust of " lab-lab " forms, which must be
removed (Esguerra, 1951). Then water is allowed to enter, and pieces
of soil infected with green algae are planted to give the new crop of
green algae a good start.
Frey (1947) also states that the rearing ponds are flushed out and
sun-dried before the Chanos fingerlings are stocked. The ponds are then
flooded with saline water to a depth of 10-15 cm, because this greater
initial depth of water will favour the growth of the green filamentous
algae, or " lumut ", rather than the complex of blue-green algae or
" lab-lab ". After the growth of " lumut " has well started, the depth
of the water is increased to a depth of 30-50 cm.
Mane et al. (1952) state that, in the Philippines, there are big
holdings of brackish-water fishpond areas, some as large as 1000
hectares. They agree that shallow water (3-5 cm) favours the strong
growth of " lab-lab " and deeper water that of " lumut ". After the
fingerlings have been stocked, a t a rate of 1000-1 500 per hectare,