190
C . F. HICKLINU
In March and April, the cutting of the pond vegetation and its disposal
for use as fertilizer is followed, in dry years, in May, by the beginning
of the cropping of those fish which have grown to commercial size of
8-12 ounces. In June and July cropping continues by driving the fish
successively into the deep ditches and thence to the sluice gates where
they are fished out with d;pnets. In August all the remaining Chams
are cropped by bailing out the water from the ponds, and September
is devoted to the preparation of the nursery pond for the next crop
and the restoration of the ditches, embankments, and sluices. In these
inland, almost fresh water, ponds, the year is an almost constant battle
to control the aquatic vegetation.
In the more saline shore ponds, where the sea water has direct
access, a more continuous raising of marketable fish is possible. The
fry of Chanos are available twice a year in Java, once from a spawning
during the west or south-west monsoon, and once from a spawning
during the east or north-east monsoon. The former prevails from about
June to September, and the latter from about October to March or
April.
Again taking the month of October as the arbitrary start of the
Chums calendar, about 1 000 fry per acre from the west monsoon crop
are placed in the nursery ponds ; meanwhile, the east monsoon fish, now
about four months old, are growing in the deeper parts of the rearing
ponds.
I n November, the survivors of the October west monsoon fry will
have grown large enough to be released into the rearing ponds. The
east monsoon crop of fish is now counted. Those of marketable size are
culled out for sale and extraneous fish are also removed and sold. In
December, the capture and sale of the east monsoon crop is continued,
and now the well-grown fingerlings of the west monsoon crop are
admitted to the deeper parts of the rearing ponds and mixed with the
remainder of the east monsoon crop. Thus two generations of Chanos
are growing together in the ponds, a cultural practice which has proved
of great value, for instance, in the culture of carp in Israel.
In January and February the capture and sale of the east monsoon
crop continues, but the west monsoon crop is still too small to be
sold and if caught is released, Repair work on gates and embankments
is done at about this time.
In March, the rest of the east monsoon crop is culled out and sold,
and the west monsoon crop, now nearing marketable size, are counted
and extraneous fish removed and sold.
In April and May the capture and sale of the west monsoon crop
begins and, at the same time, the fry ponds are prepared for the current
C . F. HICKLINU
In March and April, the cutting of the pond vegetation and its disposal
for use as fertilizer is followed, in dry years, in May, by the beginning
of the cropping of those fish which have grown to commercial size of
8-12 ounces. In June and July cropping continues by driving the fish
successively into the deep ditches and thence to the sluice gates where
they are fished out with d;pnets. In August all the remaining Chams
are cropped by bailing out the water from the ponds, and September
is devoted to the preparation of the nursery pond for the next crop
and the restoration of the ditches, embankments, and sluices. In these
inland, almost fresh water, ponds, the year is an almost constant battle
to control the aquatic vegetation.
In the more saline shore ponds, where the sea water has direct
access, a more continuous raising of marketable fish is possible. The
fry of Chanos are available twice a year in Java, once from a spawning
during the west or south-west monsoon, and once from a spawning
during the east or north-east monsoon. The former prevails from about
June to September, and the latter from about October to March or
April.
Again taking the month of October as the arbitrary start of the
Chums calendar, about 1 000 fry per acre from the west monsoon crop
are placed in the nursery ponds ; meanwhile, the east monsoon fish, now
about four months old, are growing in the deeper parts of the rearing
ponds.
I n November, the survivors of the October west monsoon fry will
have grown large enough to be released into the rearing ponds. The
east monsoon crop of fish is now counted. Those of marketable size are
culled out for sale and extraneous fish are also removed and sold. In
December, the capture and sale of the east monsoon crop is continued,
and now the well-grown fingerlings of the west monsoon crop are
admitted to the deeper parts of the rearing ponds and mixed with the
remainder of the east monsoon crop. Thus two generations of Chanos
are growing together in the ponds, a cultural practice which has proved
of great value, for instance, in the culture of carp in Israel.
In January and February the capture and sale of the east monsoon
crop continues, but the west monsoon crop is still too small to be
sold and if caught is released, Repair work on gates and embankments
is done at about this time.
In March, the rest of the east monsoon crop is culled out and sold,
and the west monsoon crop, now nearing marketable size, are counted
and extraneous fish removed and sold.
In April and May the capture and sale of the west monsoon crop
begins and, at the same time, the fry ponds are prepared for the current