3. DISTRIBUTION AND SYNONYMY
83
Lebour, 1950; Moore, 1950, 1952; Boden, 1954; Bary, 1956; Nepgen,
1957; Brinton, 1962a; Grice and Hart, 1962; Ponomareva, 1963;
Grindley and Penrith, 1965; Bannister and Baker, 1967 ; CasanovaSoulier, 1968b.)
Thysanoessa vicina Hansen, 1911
Thysanoessa macrura G. 0. Sars, 1883
T . wicina Hansen, 1911 : 45, fig. 16.
T. macrura G. 0. Sam, 1883b: 26-27; 1885: 125-126, PI. xxiii, figs. 1-4;
The separate distributions of these two species have not yet been
determined (Fig. 27). Both species are circumpolar in the Antarctic,
being found south of about 50"s to 55"S, but more frequently south of
60"S, and extending to the edge of the pack-ice. Length: T. vicina,
16 mm; T . macrum, 16 mm. (Sars, 1885; Hansen, 1908b; Tattersall,
1913, 1918, 1924; Illig, 1930; Rustad, 1930, 1934; Nemoto and Nasu,
1958.)
Thysanoessa raschii (M. Sars, 1864)
Thysanopoda raschii M. Sam, 1864b : 83 ; (nec T . raschii Vanhoffon, 1897 :
pl. i, fig. 1). Rhoda jardineana Sim, 1872 : 6, pl. iv, fig. 1-6. Euphausia raschii
G. 0. Sars, 1883a: 51. Boreophausia raschii Norman, 1886: 156. Rhoda raschii
Stebbing, 1893 : 263 ; Zimmer, 1904 : 442, figs. 10-1 1. Thysanoessa raschii
Hansen, 191 1 : 42-43 ; Einarsson, 1945 : 34-38, 51-52, figs. 13, 20 ; Bannor, 1950 :
27-29, pl. iii, fig. 22, a-b; Boden et al., 1955: 356-357, fig. 36.
T . raschii is a neritic species occurring in coastal waters of the
North Atlantic and North Pacific (Fig. 27). Atlantic: it is the
commonest euphausiid off West Greenland extending northwards to
about 70"N for breeding but occasional animals are found as far north
as 78"N. Present in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Gulf of Maine but not
farther south than 40"N. Present around Iceland, occasionally, if ever,
off East Greenland, but is common round Scotland to 55"N and along
the Norwegian coastline northwards to the Barents, White and Kara
Seas ; it has been found once in Icefjord, Spitzbergen. Pacific : southern
limit about 40"N in the western, about 50"N in the eastern Pacific, but
rarely south of the Aleutian Islands in the Central North Pacific;
distributed around the coastline, present off the coasts of the Bering
Sea and recorded from the Beaufort Sea and Coronation Gulf (70°N,
1lO"W to 140"W). Probably the majority of the populations live a t
200 m depth or less during the day, migrating towards the surface at
night. Length 20-30 mm. (Hansen, 1908a, 1915; Schmitt, 1919;
Stephensen, 1933, 1943 ; Einarsson, 1945 ; Marshall, 1948 ; Kielhorn,
Nemoto and Nasu, 1958 : 194-195, figs. 1-3.
83
Lebour, 1950; Moore, 1950, 1952; Boden, 1954; Bary, 1956; Nepgen,
1957; Brinton, 1962a; Grice and Hart, 1962; Ponomareva, 1963;
Grindley and Penrith, 1965; Bannister and Baker, 1967 ; CasanovaSoulier, 1968b.)
Thysanoessa vicina Hansen, 1911
Thysanoessa macrura G. 0. Sars, 1883
T . wicina Hansen, 1911 : 45, fig. 16.
T. macrura G. 0. Sam, 1883b: 26-27; 1885: 125-126, PI. xxiii, figs. 1-4;
The separate distributions of these two species have not yet been
determined (Fig. 27). Both species are circumpolar in the Antarctic,
being found south of about 50"s to 55"S, but more frequently south of
60"S, and extending to the edge of the pack-ice. Length: T. vicina,
16 mm; T . macrum, 16 mm. (Sars, 1885; Hansen, 1908b; Tattersall,
1913, 1918, 1924; Illig, 1930; Rustad, 1930, 1934; Nemoto and Nasu,
1958.)
Thysanoessa raschii (M. Sars, 1864)
Thysanopoda raschii M. Sam, 1864b : 83 ; (nec T . raschii Vanhoffon, 1897 :
pl. i, fig. 1). Rhoda jardineana Sim, 1872 : 6, pl. iv, fig. 1-6. Euphausia raschii
G. 0. Sars, 1883a: 51. Boreophausia raschii Norman, 1886: 156. Rhoda raschii
Stebbing, 1893 : 263 ; Zimmer, 1904 : 442, figs. 10-1 1. Thysanoessa raschii
Hansen, 191 1 : 42-43 ; Einarsson, 1945 : 34-38, 51-52, figs. 13, 20 ; Bannor, 1950 :
27-29, pl. iii, fig. 22, a-b; Boden et al., 1955: 356-357, fig. 36.
T . raschii is a neritic species occurring in coastal waters of the
North Atlantic and North Pacific (Fig. 27). Atlantic: it is the
commonest euphausiid off West Greenland extending northwards to
about 70"N for breeding but occasional animals are found as far north
as 78"N. Present in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Gulf of Maine but not
farther south than 40"N. Present around Iceland, occasionally, if ever,
off East Greenland, but is common round Scotland to 55"N and along
the Norwegian coastline northwards to the Barents, White and Kara
Seas ; it has been found once in Icefjord, Spitzbergen. Pacific : southern
limit about 40"N in the western, about 50"N in the eastern Pacific, but
rarely south of the Aleutian Islands in the Central North Pacific;
distributed around the coastline, present off the coasts of the Bering
Sea and recorded from the Beaufort Sea and Coronation Gulf (70°N,
1lO"W to 140"W). Probably the majority of the populations live a t
200 m depth or less during the day, migrating towards the surface at
night. Length 20-30 mm. (Hansen, 1908a, 1915; Schmitt, 1919;
Stephensen, 1933, 1943 ; Einarsson, 1945 ; Marshall, 1948 ; Kielhorn,
Nemoto and Nasu, 1958 : 194-195, figs. 1-3.