50
THE BIOLOGY OF EUPHAUSIIDS
This species may be bipolar in distribution (Fig. 14). Atlantic:
recorded frequently between 70"N and 30"N, being present off south and
west Iceland, Davis Straits, southwards to Gulf of Maine ; in the northeast it extends southwards to the area west of Gibraltar, but not in the
Mediterranean. Illig records it present along 5"N off the West African
coast but Brinton questions these records and also those of Illig from
the Indian Ocean ; Torelli gives a further doubtful record from the Gulf
of Oman. It has been positively identified off South Africa. Pacific:
found between 35"N and 55"N but Ponomareva records it at 27"33'N
133'45'E ; ranges between 35"s and 60's in the southern Pacific. Its
distribution is limited by the 4°C and 10°C isotherms a t 100 m depth.
Caught between 140 and 4 000 m depth. Grows to 40 to 50 mm in
length. (Hansen, 1908a, 1915; Tattersall, 1911, 1925 ; Stephensen,
1913, 1933; Illig, 1930; Torelli, 1934; Leavitt, 1935, 1938; Ruud, 1936;
Einarsson, 1945 ; Fraser, 1950,1956,1961,1964 ; Kielhorn, 1952 ; Boden,
1954 ; Wiborg, 1954, 1955 ; Brinton, 1962a ; Ponomareva, 1963 ;
Grindley and Penrith, 1965).
Thysanopoda cornuta Illig, 1905
T. cornuta Illig, 1905 : 663-664, figs. 1-3 ; Boden et al., 1955 : 313-314, fig. 14.
This is a bathypelagic species which has not been caught frequently
enough to define its distribution (Fig. 15). Atlantic: recorded in east
and west sides between 10"N and 40"N and in the southeast between
30"s and 45'5. Pacific : scattered records from several areas but most
are from the tropical and subtropical regions although it has been
found as far north as the southern part of the Gulf of Alaska (50"N) and,
in the west, a t 45'41" 155'01'E and 45'16" 156'14'E.
Indian :
single records from the " John Murray '' cruise a t 7'38" 58"IS'E
and " Valdivia '' expedition a t 1O"S'S 97'15%. Brinton also presents
records of the possible distribution of larvae but confusion exists because
of difficulties of separating larvae of T . cornuta from those of T . egregia
and T . spinicaudata. The adults live below 2 000 m depth, adolescents
near 1 000 m or deeper and larvae between 700 and 2 000 m. Matures
sexually at lengths between 60 and 70 mm ; maximum length exceeds
100 mm. (Hansen, 1905a, 1915, 1916; Tattersall, 1913, 1939; Illig,
1930; Leavitt, 1938; Boden, 1954; Brinton, 1962a; Ponomareva, 1963).
T. insignis Hansen, 1905a : 19-21, figs. 17-19.
Thysanopoda egregia Hansen, 1905
T . egregia Hansen, 1905a: 22-23, figs. 20-21 ; Brinton, 1953 : 408-411, figs.
2, 7, 12, 13; Boden et al., 1955 : 314,316, fig. 15. T . megalops Illig, 190th: 54-55,
figs. 1-2; 1911: 45-46 (Jide Sheard, 1942: 61).
THE BIOLOGY OF EUPHAUSIIDS
This species may be bipolar in distribution (Fig. 14). Atlantic:
recorded frequently between 70"N and 30"N, being present off south and
west Iceland, Davis Straits, southwards to Gulf of Maine ; in the northeast it extends southwards to the area west of Gibraltar, but not in the
Mediterranean. Illig records it present along 5"N off the West African
coast but Brinton questions these records and also those of Illig from
the Indian Ocean ; Torelli gives a further doubtful record from the Gulf
of Oman. It has been positively identified off South Africa. Pacific:
found between 35"N and 55"N but Ponomareva records it at 27"33'N
133'45'E ; ranges between 35"s and 60's in the southern Pacific. Its
distribution is limited by the 4°C and 10°C isotherms a t 100 m depth.
Caught between 140 and 4 000 m depth. Grows to 40 to 50 mm in
length. (Hansen, 1908a, 1915; Tattersall, 1911, 1925 ; Stephensen,
1913, 1933; Illig, 1930; Torelli, 1934; Leavitt, 1935, 1938; Ruud, 1936;
Einarsson, 1945 ; Fraser, 1950,1956,1961,1964 ; Kielhorn, 1952 ; Boden,
1954 ; Wiborg, 1954, 1955 ; Brinton, 1962a ; Ponomareva, 1963 ;
Grindley and Penrith, 1965).
Thysanopoda cornuta Illig, 1905
T. cornuta Illig, 1905 : 663-664, figs. 1-3 ; Boden et al., 1955 : 313-314, fig. 14.
This is a bathypelagic species which has not been caught frequently
enough to define its distribution (Fig. 15). Atlantic: recorded in east
and west sides between 10"N and 40"N and in the southeast between
30"s and 45'5. Pacific : scattered records from several areas but most
are from the tropical and subtropical regions although it has been
found as far north as the southern part of the Gulf of Alaska (50"N) and,
in the west, a t 45'41" 155'01'E and 45'16" 156'14'E.
Indian :
single records from the " John Murray '' cruise a t 7'38" 58"IS'E
and " Valdivia '' expedition a t 1O"S'S 97'15%. Brinton also presents
records of the possible distribution of larvae but confusion exists because
of difficulties of separating larvae of T . cornuta from those of T . egregia
and T . spinicaudata. The adults live below 2 000 m depth, adolescents
near 1 000 m or deeper and larvae between 700 and 2 000 m. Matures
sexually at lengths between 60 and 70 mm ; maximum length exceeds
100 mm. (Hansen, 1905a, 1915, 1916; Tattersall, 1913, 1939; Illig,
1930; Leavitt, 1938; Boden, 1954; Brinton, 1962a; Ponomareva, 1963).
T. insignis Hansen, 1905a : 19-21, figs. 17-19.
Thysanopoda egregia Hansen, 1905
T . egregia Hansen, 1905a: 22-23, figs. 20-21 ; Brinton, 1953 : 408-411, figs.
2, 7, 12, 13; Boden et al., 1955 : 314,316, fig. 15. T . megalops Illig, 190th: 54-55,
figs. 1-2; 1911: 45-46 (Jide Sheard, 1942: 61).