SUBJECT INDEX
401
Mangals-continued
variations in zones of, 118
waterways in, 133
zonation of animals in, 165
zones of, 91
Mangrove forests, 74, 80, 92, 101, see
also Mangals
clear-felling of, 237
management of, 235, 236, 237
of island reefs, 120
“Mangrove Kingfishers”, 153
“Mangrove Park”, 119, 120, 121
Mangrove swamps, 74, 75, 85
northern limits in eastern Asia, 220
popular idea of, 108
soils of, 122, 123
as food, 240
burrows of, 214
distribution of, 215
habitats, 216
mating of, 216
moulting and growth of, 216
as firewood, 235, 236
corrosion of iron in Sonnerazia, 234
for charcoal production, 235
for decorative use, 234
for pulping, 237
for structural use, 234
in cabinet work, 234
in piling, 234
in shipbuilding, 77, 233
susceptibility to shipworm attack,
termite resistance of, 234
use in houses, 234
weight of, 236
Mangrove zonation
control of, 124-136
interruption in, 130
relationship with intertidal levels,
Mangroves, 74, 80, 85, 99, 112, 129,
Mangrove swimming crab, 2 14-2 17
Mangrove timber, 234
234
129
152, 232
“antlered”, 108
as source of timber, 77, 233
biogeographical comment on, 222coastlines where found, 78
233
Mangroves-continued
complete succession of, 130
distribution of species, 90, 95, 98,
100, 104,facing 104, 119, 127, 132
extratropical extensions of, 219-222
frosts, effects of, 221
geographical distribution of, 219-233
geological history of, 85
geological significance of, 82-85
greatest luxuriance, 219
historical references to, 76-77
latitudinal limits of, 134
north-eastern extensions of, 230
origin of word, 75
penetration in estuaries, 82
preferring shade, 150
preferring sunlight, 148
relation between root and shoot
systems, 144
salinity tolerance of, 131
shallow rooted, 136
shrubs, 103
southernmost occurrence of, 220
specializations of stems and leaves,
spread of, by seaborne seeds, 224
succession of, 148-150
temperature limits of, 221
viviparous, 145
zonation of, 89-136
140
Margin of subtraction, 232
Marine animals
pattern of behaviour, 184
rhythmic activity of, 185
specialization of, 184
Marine fishery resources, latent, 4
Marshall Islands, 233
Massawa, Bay of, 220
Mating
of pelagic chaetognaths, 334
of Sagitta, 329
of Spadella cephaloptera, 323-324,
325, 327
Maturation prophase, 304
Maturation spindles, 339
Maxillipeds, 202, 203, 204-205, 209,
213
Meiosis, 309
Mesodermal elements, 303
Metaphase, spermatogonial, 3 10
401
Mangals-continued
variations in zones of, 118
waterways in, 133
zonation of animals in, 165
zones of, 91
Mangrove forests, 74, 80, 92, 101, see
also Mangals
clear-felling of, 237
management of, 235, 236, 237
of island reefs, 120
“Mangrove Kingfishers”, 153
“Mangrove Park”, 119, 120, 121
Mangrove swamps, 74, 75, 85
northern limits in eastern Asia, 220
popular idea of, 108
soils of, 122, 123
as food, 240
burrows of, 214
distribution of, 215
habitats, 216
mating of, 216
moulting and growth of, 216
as firewood, 235, 236
corrosion of iron in Sonnerazia, 234
for charcoal production, 235
for decorative use, 234
for pulping, 237
for structural use, 234
in cabinet work, 234
in piling, 234
in shipbuilding, 77, 233
susceptibility to shipworm attack,
termite resistance of, 234
use in houses, 234
weight of, 236
Mangrove zonation
control of, 124-136
interruption in, 130
relationship with intertidal levels,
Mangroves, 74, 80, 85, 99, 112, 129,
Mangrove swimming crab, 2 14-2 17
Mangrove timber, 234
234
129
152, 232
“antlered”, 108
as source of timber, 77, 233
biogeographical comment on, 222coastlines where found, 78
233
Mangroves-continued
complete succession of, 130
distribution of species, 90, 95, 98,
100, 104,facing 104, 119, 127, 132
extratropical extensions of, 219-222
frosts, effects of, 221
geographical distribution of, 219-233
geological history of, 85
geological significance of, 82-85
greatest luxuriance, 219
historical references to, 76-77
latitudinal limits of, 134
north-eastern extensions of, 230
origin of word, 75
penetration in estuaries, 82
preferring shade, 150
preferring sunlight, 148
relation between root and shoot
systems, 144
salinity tolerance of, 131
shallow rooted, 136
shrubs, 103
southernmost occurrence of, 220
specializations of stems and leaves,
spread of, by seaborne seeds, 224
succession of, 148-150
temperature limits of, 221
viviparous, 145
zonation of, 89-136
140
Margin of subtraction, 232
Marine animals
pattern of behaviour, 184
rhythmic activity of, 185
specialization of, 184
Marine fishery resources, latent, 4
Marshall Islands, 233
Massawa, Bay of, 220
Mating
of pelagic chaetognaths, 334
of Sagitta, 329
of Spadella cephaloptera, 323-324,
325, 327
Maturation prophase, 304
Maturation spindles, 339
Maxillipeds, 202, 203, 204-205, 209,
213
Meiosis, 309
Mesodermal elements, 303
Metaphase, spermatogonial, 3 10