FAUNA AND FLORA OF MANGROVE SWAMPS
24 1
soil thrown up from either side to cover the slash and raise the level
above high water mark. A row of coconut palms was then planted
along these raised banks.
D. Xalt proclacfim
I n mangrove areas with a strong seasonal climate the cleared
mangals and the dried out areas are made into a series of shallow
evaporation ponds for salt production. Such are common near Bangkok
and near Lourenqo Marques.
Salt is also produced in the humid tropics by an interesting technique. Old rhizomes of nypa are allowed to lie around in sea water, and
the water is poured over them. The rhizomes are then burned and salt
extracted from the ash (Browne, 1955).
IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The compilation of this review would not have been possible without
the assistance of many scientists and without considerable financial aid.
I should like to thank the University of the Witwatersrand, the
South African Couiicil for Scientific and Industrial Research, and the
Royal Society and Nuffield Foundation for financing my research
visits to many localities in the Indo-west-Pacific. Of individuals
Dr J . A. R. Anderson, Professor A. J . Berry, Dr J. Carrick, Dr D. S.
Johnson, Mr R. P. Kenny, Dr W. Meijer, Dr A. G. Nicholls, Dr J .
Gomes Pedro, Dr I. Polunin, Dr C. G. G. J . van Steenis, Professor
W. Stephenson and many others have helped me iii various ways.
Miss M. Mullins and Miss C. Cargill assisted with the illustrations and
Mrs E. Pienaar typed the manuscript several times. Sir Frederick
Russell has been a most patient editor. To all of them I am grateful and
finally t o my wife and family who have permitted me t o go off alone on
prolonged research trips.
X. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
I n compiling this bibliography an attempt was made to include all papers
dealing with the mangroves and mangrove areas of the Indo-west-Pacific biogeographic region. It was, for the most part, prepared by Miss Margaret
Thurgood as part of the requirements for the postgraduate Diploma in Librarianship of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. I appreciate her
assistance in this task.
The bibliography is as complete as i t is possible to be, within the limits of
reference journals available in Johannesburg, for the period 1930 to mid-1967.
Earlier references have been culled from the papers consulted during the preparation of this review. Although the more important discussions of ecological
problems related to the ecology of the mangrove flora and fauna have been
included, much of the earlier taxonomic literature is not listed. Many taxonomists
24 1
soil thrown up from either side to cover the slash and raise the level
above high water mark. A row of coconut palms was then planted
along these raised banks.
D. Xalt proclacfim
I n mangrove areas with a strong seasonal climate the cleared
mangals and the dried out areas are made into a series of shallow
evaporation ponds for salt production. Such are common near Bangkok
and near Lourenqo Marques.
Salt is also produced in the humid tropics by an interesting technique. Old rhizomes of nypa are allowed to lie around in sea water, and
the water is poured over them. The rhizomes are then burned and salt
extracted from the ash (Browne, 1955).
IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The compilation of this review would not have been possible without
the assistance of many scientists and without considerable financial aid.
I should like to thank the University of the Witwatersrand, the
South African Couiicil for Scientific and Industrial Research, and the
Royal Society and Nuffield Foundation for financing my research
visits to many localities in the Indo-west-Pacific. Of individuals
Dr J . A. R. Anderson, Professor A. J . Berry, Dr J. Carrick, Dr D. S.
Johnson, Mr R. P. Kenny, Dr W. Meijer, Dr A. G. Nicholls, Dr J .
Gomes Pedro, Dr I. Polunin, Dr C. G. G. J . van Steenis, Professor
W. Stephenson and many others have helped me iii various ways.
Miss M. Mullins and Miss C. Cargill assisted with the illustrations and
Mrs E. Pienaar typed the manuscript several times. Sir Frederick
Russell has been a most patient editor. To all of them I am grateful and
finally t o my wife and family who have permitted me t o go off alone on
prolonged research trips.
X. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
I n compiling this bibliography an attempt was made to include all papers
dealing with the mangroves and mangrove areas of the Indo-west-Pacific biogeographic region. It was, for the most part, prepared by Miss Margaret
Thurgood as part of the requirements for the postgraduate Diploma in Librarianship of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. I appreciate her
assistance in this task.
The bibliography is as complete as i t is possible to be, within the limits of
reference journals available in Johannesburg, for the period 1930 to mid-1967.
Earlier references have been culled from the papers consulted during the preparation of this review. Although the more important discussions of ecological
problems related to the ecology of the mangrove flora and fauna have been
included, much of the earlier taxonomic literature is not listed. Many taxonomists