42
OARL J. SINDERMANN
in experimental epizootics of comparable intensity (Sindermann,
1958).
Another disease with an even longer history of epizootic prevalences
is the " red disease " of eels caused by Vibrio anguillarum. Italian
literature dating back to Bonaveri in 1718 (cited by Hofer, 1904)
records repeated and severe outbreaks on the coast of Italy throughout
FIG. 12. Reported epizootics of Ichthyophonus in herring of the western North Atlantic.
The 1940 Gulf of Saint Lawrence outbreak is included on the basis of verbal reports
from fiahermen and area residents. (From Sindermann, 1963.)
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and gives some estimates of
numbers of eels killed. For example, Spallanzani in 1790 described
an outbreak that killed almost 100000 pounds of eels from the
Comachio Lagoons on the east coast of Italy near Ravenna in one
38-day observation period. The continuing presence of the disease in
Italy was reported by Ghittino (1963b). Literature from northern
OARL J. SINDERMANN
in experimental epizootics of comparable intensity (Sindermann,
1958).
Another disease with an even longer history of epizootic prevalences
is the " red disease " of eels caused by Vibrio anguillarum. Italian
literature dating back to Bonaveri in 1718 (cited by Hofer, 1904)
records repeated and severe outbreaks on the coast of Italy throughout
FIG. 12. Reported epizootics of Ichthyophonus in herring of the western North Atlantic.
The 1940 Gulf of Saint Lawrence outbreak is included on the basis of verbal reports
from fiahermen and area residents. (From Sindermann, 1963.)
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and gives some estimates of
numbers of eels killed. For example, Spallanzani in 1790 described
an outbreak that killed almost 100000 pounds of eels from the
Comachio Lagoons on the east coast of Italy near Ravenna in one
38-day observation period. The continuing presence of the disease in
Italy was reported by Ghittino (1963b). Literature from northern