272
MALCOLM R. CLARKE
style); alternatively, the shaft may be a sperm whale tooth (Japan).
The hooks may be baited or coloured to attract the squid. I n Norway
it is coloured red (Lervhs-Svendsen) while in Japan white is used.
Although jigs differ, the mode of operation is the same; the jig is
jerked up and down for several feet and the squids take it as it moves.
This traditional method has been used for many decades and possibly
centuries with little modification. Quigley (1 964) has recently invented
a mechanical jigger consisting of motor driven drum haulers, special
lure hooks and a light attraction system. With this one man can
operate ten lines. Electrical fishing has been used to catch Octopus and
Sepia for aquaria because they approach the anode (Lamarque, 1962)
but its practical use for collection of oceanic species is probably a
very long way off.
Seines are effective in catching squids where the water is not
too deep and, except around Japan, few oegopsids are taken in this
way. However, off Scotland, Todaropsis eblanae has been caught in
certain years and has proved rather a nuisance as it is unacceptable to
the Continental markets to which Loligo is exported from Scotland
(Rae and Lamont, 1963; Davidson, 1963).
Development of squid fisheries in deep water would probably
depend on development of midwater trawls. Trawls catch a proportion
of squid when operated on the bottom; Todarodes sagittatus is caught
in this way off Iceland, the Faroes and northern Norway by trawlers
operating from Hull and Grimsby (Clarke, 1963) and in the North Sea
by Scandinavian fishermen (Otterlind, 1954). Up to now, however,
no midwater trawl has been developed which will catch any but the
smallest species.
.
XXX. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Dr. A. M. Bidder and Dr. W. J . Rees very kindly read and criticized
the manuscript, for which I am most grateful and wish to record my
sincere thanks.
I would also like to express my very warm thanks to the Library
Staff of the National Institute of Oceanography for their constant
assistance in borrowing papers and their great help in preparing the
reference list and typing the final copy of the review, and also to various
members of the biological staff for their help in checking and typing
the text.
MALCOLM R. CLARKE
style); alternatively, the shaft may be a sperm whale tooth (Japan).
The hooks may be baited or coloured to attract the squid. I n Norway
it is coloured red (Lervhs-Svendsen) while in Japan white is used.
Although jigs differ, the mode of operation is the same; the jig is
jerked up and down for several feet and the squids take it as it moves.
This traditional method has been used for many decades and possibly
centuries with little modification. Quigley (1 964) has recently invented
a mechanical jigger consisting of motor driven drum haulers, special
lure hooks and a light attraction system. With this one man can
operate ten lines. Electrical fishing has been used to catch Octopus and
Sepia for aquaria because they approach the anode (Lamarque, 1962)
but its practical use for collection of oceanic species is probably a
very long way off.
Seines are effective in catching squids where the water is not
too deep and, except around Japan, few oegopsids are taken in this
way. However, off Scotland, Todaropsis eblanae has been caught in
certain years and has proved rather a nuisance as it is unacceptable to
the Continental markets to which Loligo is exported from Scotland
(Rae and Lamont, 1963; Davidson, 1963).
Development of squid fisheries in deep water would probably
depend on development of midwater trawls. Trawls catch a proportion
of squid when operated on the bottom; Todarodes sagittatus is caught
in this way off Iceland, the Faroes and northern Norway by trawlers
operating from Hull and Grimsby (Clarke, 1963) and in the North Sea
by Scandinavian fishermen (Otterlind, 1954). Up to now, however,
no midwater trawl has been developed which will catch any but the
smallest species.
.
XXX. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Dr. A. M. Bidder and Dr. W. J . Rees very kindly read and criticized
the manuscript, for which I am most grateful and wish to record my
sincere thanks.
I would also like to express my very warm thanks to the Library
Staff of the National Institute of Oceanography for their constant
assistance in borrowing papers and their great help in preparing the
reference list and typing the final copy of the review, and also to various
members of the biological staff for their help in checking and typing
the text.