REVIEW OF THE SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY OF OCEANIC SQUIDS
265
in bursts of 28 to 47 pulses and bursts were thought to correspond to
the exhalent current through the funnel. The pulses were thought to
result from the vibration of the funnel lips. Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis,
Onychoteuthis banksi and Thysanoteuthis rhombus were caught during
the period recordings were made.
The ability to hear has not been established for any cephalopods.
XXVI. PARASITES
Few parasites of oceanic squids have been described and nearly all
are from ommastrephids. Dobell (1909) found two species of ciliate in
Illex coindeti kidney (Chromadina elegans and C. coronata) and Jepps
(1931) described a ciliate (C. elegans) from the renal sacs and coelomic
spaces of Spirula. Pelseneer (1928) listed a trematode from Ommastrephes. Dollfus (1964) has reviewed the cestodes from cephalopods.
Illex coindeti is a host of plerocercoids of Phyllobothrium sp. and P. tumidurn; Illex illecebrosus is a host of Dinobothrium plicatum and D. planum
(both also found in sharks); Todaropsis eblanae is a host of Phyllobothrium tumidum and Dibothrium plicatum; Todarodes sagittatus is a
host of a plerocercoid; T . pacificus is a host of " scolex polymorphus "
and Nybelinia; Dosidicus gigas is a host of Phyllobothrium and a
Tetrarhynchus larval form; Gonatus fabricii and Moroteuthis robusta
are hosts of Nybelinia larvae. Squires (1957) reported Phyllobothrium
sp. and Dinobothrium (sensu lato) sp. in Illex illecebrosus and found
that whereas more squids are infected with the former in the early
season at, the Grand Banks, the percentage infected with Dinobothrium
increased through the season. Trypanorhynch cestodes, thought to be
Nybelinia, have been recorded from Lepidoteuthis grimaldii (Clarke
and Maul, 1962). Nematodes have been reported in Illex illecebrosus
(Squires, 1957) and Lepidoteuthis grimaldii (Clarke and Maul, 1962).
The latter were Anisakis sp.-a genus commonly infecting Sperm
whales.
XXVII. ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE
Although oceanic squids do not form a large proportion of animals
caught by the kinds of nets usually employed for the collection of
biological specimens, there is good reason to believe they are present
in very large numbers in all oceans of the world. If a ship stops a t
night in any but high latitudes, squids are attracted t o the lights and
are often seen in tens or hundreds within an hour. Except for a reduction
of sightings during full moon, such observations may be made night
after night for months on end during a voyage. The dominant forms
265
in bursts of 28 to 47 pulses and bursts were thought to correspond to
the exhalent current through the funnel. The pulses were thought to
result from the vibration of the funnel lips. Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis,
Onychoteuthis banksi and Thysanoteuthis rhombus were caught during
the period recordings were made.
The ability to hear has not been established for any cephalopods.
XXVI. PARASITES
Few parasites of oceanic squids have been described and nearly all
are from ommastrephids. Dobell (1909) found two species of ciliate in
Illex coindeti kidney (Chromadina elegans and C. coronata) and Jepps
(1931) described a ciliate (C. elegans) from the renal sacs and coelomic
spaces of Spirula. Pelseneer (1928) listed a trematode from Ommastrephes. Dollfus (1964) has reviewed the cestodes from cephalopods.
Illex coindeti is a host of plerocercoids of Phyllobothrium sp. and P. tumidurn; Illex illecebrosus is a host of Dinobothrium plicatum and D. planum
(both also found in sharks); Todaropsis eblanae is a host of Phyllobothrium tumidum and Dibothrium plicatum; Todarodes sagittatus is a
host of a plerocercoid; T . pacificus is a host of " scolex polymorphus "
and Nybelinia; Dosidicus gigas is a host of Phyllobothrium and a
Tetrarhynchus larval form; Gonatus fabricii and Moroteuthis robusta
are hosts of Nybelinia larvae. Squires (1957) reported Phyllobothrium
sp. and Dinobothrium (sensu lato) sp. in Illex illecebrosus and found
that whereas more squids are infected with the former in the early
season at, the Grand Banks, the percentage infected with Dinobothrium
increased through the season. Trypanorhynch cestodes, thought to be
Nybelinia, have been recorded from Lepidoteuthis grimaldii (Clarke
and Maul, 1962). Nematodes have been reported in Illex illecebrosus
(Squires, 1957) and Lepidoteuthis grimaldii (Clarke and Maul, 1962).
The latter were Anisakis sp.-a genus commonly infecting Sperm
whales.
XXVII. ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE
Although oceanic squids do not form a large proportion of animals
caught by the kinds of nets usually employed for the collection of
biological specimens, there is good reason to believe they are present
in very large numbers in all oceans of the world. If a ship stops a t
night in any but high latitudes, squids are attracted t o the lights and
are often seen in tens or hundreds within an hour. Except for a reduction
of sightings during full moon, such observations may be made night
after night for months on end during a voyage. The dominant forms