REVIEW OF THE SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOQY OF OCEANIC SQUIDS
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I921), the East Indies (Pfeffer, 1912), Philippines (Voss, 1963a), the
South Seas (Pfeffer, 1912), Japan (Sasaki, 1916, 1929s) and the eastern
Pacific (Hoyle, 1904b; Pearcy, 1965).
It has been taken with open nets fished to 3 500 m (Chun, 1910a)
but has been taken at the surface at night (Hoyle, 1904b; Chun, 1913;
Adam, 1960c) and frequently at less than 500 m. The smallest known
young are essentially similar to the adult although Adam (1960~)
described a, specimen, possibly this species, with a mantle length of
0.6 cm which did not have tubercles all over the mantle. The largest
recorded male and the largest female are both 8-2 cm. in mantle
length (Chun, 1910a; Voss, 1963a), while the largest unsexed specimen
is 11.0 cm (Rees and Maul, 1956). A male 3.5 cm in mantle length is
hectocotylized (Pfeffer, 1912).
Specimens have been taken from the stomach of Alepisaurus ferox
(Rees and Maul, 1956).
B . Crystalloteuthis
A genus containing two poorly known species which are very
similar to one another and may prove to be the same species. Both
species have the short arms and protruding eyes typical of larval
cranchiids but are distinguished from all other species by the possession
of single cartilaginous tubercles a t each of the funnel-mantle fusions.
1. Crystalloteuthis beringiana Sasaki, 1920
This North Pacific form has been recovered from the Aleutian
Islands, the Bering Islands and Japan (Sasaki, 1920, 1929a) and is
common in the Bering Sea (Kondakov, 1941). It has been taken
with open nets fished to as little as 107 m and as much as 4 800 m
(Sasaki, 1920).
The largest specimen known has a mantle length of 2.7 cm (Sasaki,
1929a).
2. Crystalloteuthis glacialis Chun, 1906
This is the southern form of the genus which has been recorded
from the Indian Ocean and Australian sectors of the Antarctic between
latitudes 44"s and 65"s (Chun, 1906, 1910a; Dell, 1959a). It has been
taken with a closing net between 750 and 500 m. and with horizontal
open nets towed between about 750 and 1710 m (Dell, 1959a). The
largest specimen known has a mantle length of 3.5 cm.
A . P . B . 4
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217
I921), the East Indies (Pfeffer, 1912), Philippines (Voss, 1963a), the
South Seas (Pfeffer, 1912), Japan (Sasaki, 1916, 1929s) and the eastern
Pacific (Hoyle, 1904b; Pearcy, 1965).
It has been taken with open nets fished to 3 500 m (Chun, 1910a)
but has been taken at the surface at night (Hoyle, 1904b; Chun, 1913;
Adam, 1960c) and frequently at less than 500 m. The smallest known
young are essentially similar to the adult although Adam (1960~)
described a, specimen, possibly this species, with a mantle length of
0.6 cm which did not have tubercles all over the mantle. The largest
recorded male and the largest female are both 8-2 cm. in mantle
length (Chun, 1910a; Voss, 1963a), while the largest unsexed specimen
is 11.0 cm (Rees and Maul, 1956). A male 3.5 cm in mantle length is
hectocotylized (Pfeffer, 1912).
Specimens have been taken from the stomach of Alepisaurus ferox
(Rees and Maul, 1956).
B . Crystalloteuthis
A genus containing two poorly known species which are very
similar to one another and may prove to be the same species. Both
species have the short arms and protruding eyes typical of larval
cranchiids but are distinguished from all other species by the possession
of single cartilaginous tubercles a t each of the funnel-mantle fusions.
1. Crystalloteuthis beringiana Sasaki, 1920
This North Pacific form has been recovered from the Aleutian
Islands, the Bering Islands and Japan (Sasaki, 1920, 1929a) and is
common in the Bering Sea (Kondakov, 1941). It has been taken
with open nets fished to as little as 107 m and as much as 4 800 m
(Sasaki, 1920).
The largest specimen known has a mantle length of 2.7 cm (Sasaki,
1929a).
2. Crystalloteuthis glacialis Chun, 1906
This is the southern form of the genus which has been recorded
from the Indian Ocean and Australian sectors of the Antarctic between
latitudes 44"s and 65"s (Chun, 1906, 1910a; Dell, 1959a). It has been
taken with a closing net between 750 and 500 m. and with horizontal
open nets towed between about 750 and 1710 m (Dell, 1959a). The
largest specimen known has a mantle length of 3.5 cm.
A . P . B . 4
I